2A) (mean 21431.3 particles per liter). Alves, M., Kruger, E., Pillay, B., van Lierde, K. & van der Linde, J. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Singanayagam, A. et al. Natl. 2. The SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for COVID-19 can take root in the digestive tract and trigger gastrointestinal (GI) issues such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, mounting evidence shows, though this may be indicative of a more mild infection. In the US and India studies we used a Non-Dried Droplet Counter Methodwhich has the advantage of assessing the actual droplet sizes as exhaled while the disadvantage of exhaled droplet size depending on atmospheric conditions. In total, 135 patients answered questions about their employment pre- and post-COVID-19, and the number of patients in full-time work (102) went down to 55. . Changes on how the central nervous system processes pain, fatigue, or other signals can lead to a variety of symptoms. We used a sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelope (SNOSE)technique in which therandomization group is written on a paper kept in an opaque sealed envelope, which is labeled serially. 4A) 30min post administration, and for all but one subject for the duration of the assessment (up to 2h post administration). Stadnytskyi, V., Anfinruud, P. & Bax, A. PubMed Central Some natural headache remedies . Influenza worsens dry air Low ambient humidity impairs barrier function and innate resistance against influenza infection. Exhaled particles of all participants were measured by the particle detector method described below, and 40 were randomly assigned to two treatment cohorts (Table 1) with a block randomization design in which patients, clinical and research staff were all blinded to the use of the active or the control. 2E) than non-infected individuals (Fig. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. Stookey, J. D., Allu, P. K. R., Chabas, D., Pearce, D. & Lang, F. Hypotheses about sub-optimal hydration in the weeks before coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a risk factor for dying from COVID-19. Those participants in the active group received by nasal inhalation the calcium-rich hypertonic salt solution via a second hand-held, mechanical-pump spray and with a median volume droplet diameter of 812m (Supplemental Material). With shortness, of . Pharmacol. George, C.E., Scheuch, G., Seifart, U. et al. A (Simply Saline) control cohort of 20 subjects received by nasal spray an isotonic saline (0.9% sodium chloride) with droplets sized to deposit in the nose of approximately 50m mean diameter. J. Google Scholar. Exhaled aerosol particle numbers among healthy and infected human subjects in Germany and India following normal tidal breathing. With the mouthpiece placed back onto the tubing, subjects performed normal tidal breathing through the mouthpiece while plugging their noses with their fingers over 1 to 2minbeginning with two deep breaths to empty their lungs of environmental particles. 6, 33 (2013). Phys Fluids 30, 101901 (2018). J. The optical sensor utilized a polychromatic light source to create a well-defined optical measurement volume, with every particle traveling through the measured volume generating a scattered light pulse. When someone is experiencing diarrhea, their bodies are no longer maintaining the important balance of water and sodium, often leading to dehydration. Acad. Int. 80(3), 339342 (2012). We studied respiratory droplet generation and oxygenation in a range of phenotypical states, including those characterized by whole-body dehydration, and following upper airway hydration. Recirculating eddies grow in size within the trachea on normal inhalation (air flow in the range of 15L/min to 30 L/min) from the larynx to the carina after which they rapidly dissipate36, generating surface waves and droplet breakup when Reynolds numbers exceed approximately 500037. Drink plenty of fluids throughout the day to stay hydrated. Each standard nebulizer tubing and mouthpiece were removed from sealed packaging before each subject prior to the subjects first exhaled particle detection. Google Scholar. In processes of physical exercise and progression of COVID-19, upper airway dehydration may add to the effects of elevated release of oxygen by hemoglobin (in states of exercise) and impairment of oxygen absorption in the gas exchange regions of the lungs (in symptomatic disease), thus contributing to low oxygen saturationat least prior to when the lattermay play a predominant role. 36(1), 2126 (1984). Exhaled aerosol increases with COVID-19 infection, age, and obesity. A nasal steroid spray (such as beclomethasone/Beconase or triamcinolone/Nasacort) Ipratropium (Atrovent) nasal spray which inhibits secretions (such as mucus) Other treatments depend on the cause of the post-nasal drip. Google Scholar. Body weight was measured for all of the subjects at multiple intervals without change of clothing. CAS All participants in the India study received oral antibiotics (azithromycin) and were treated for fever with paracetamol. Why Dehydration Might Make COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects Worse. Nature 600, 580583 (2021). Lauc, G., Markoti, A., Gornik, I. Body weight was measured using a using an InBody H20N Smart Full Body Composition Analyzer Scale with an accuracy of 0.2 lbs. Oxygen saturation levels began at similar levels for the active and control groups at the start of the study (Fig. Dehydration of the upper airways increases risks of respiratory diseases from COVID-19 to asthma and COPD. For each person recruited, the numbered envelope corresponding to that person's recruitment number is opened to see the allotmentcategory. Sci. Edwards, D. A. et al. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome is a multisystem disorder that commonly affects the respiratory, cardiovascular, and hematopoietic systems. Soft Matter 16(33), 78237834 (2020). dry and itchy skin. Patients with COVID-19 reported sleep, neurological and other symptoms that often lasted for more than a year, according a retrospective, observational analysis at one health care system. "Drink at least 64 to 70 ounces of water every day.". (D) Exhaled aerosol particle numbers versus BMI-age, with median=1481.22. All participants provided written informed consent prior to enrollment. Sasaki, C. & Weaver, M. Physiology of the larynx. We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow us. We studied daily administration (thrice a day for three days) of calcium-rich hypertonic salts to the upper airways on exhaled aerosol, oxygen saturation, and disease symptoms in a randomized double-blinded nasal-saline control study of 40 moderately symptomatic COVID-19 patients admitted into Bangalore Baptist Hospital during the period MayJune when the delta variant predominated infections in India50. Topical hydration of young and healthy (exercise-induced dehydrated) subjects with salt droplets sized (over 80% of the droplets larger than 7m) to mostly deposit above the carina diminishes exhaled aerosol to normal low levels even while the subjects remain in a whole-body dehydrated state (Fig. CEG, GS, US, LRI, SC, IKN, MRB, EF and NM have no competing interests. Our recent work41,46,47,48 indicates that when the salts are divalent they prolong the stabilization effect of the mucus surface for 46h relative to 12h on the breathing of humid air or the delivery of sodium chloride salt to the same anatomical regions. Causes of this growth in exhaled aerosol with the advance of the delta variant infections may be multiple56, including variances in upper airway dehydration and variances in surface activityrespiratory droplet generation having been shown to increase with the addition of surfactant to airway lining mucus44, which increases propensity of airway lining mucus to break up38. Started 4 mgs Zofran and Paxlovid yesterday. Inflammation, redness, and swelling of the. J. Glob. Exhaled breath from subjects was collected as with the Non-Dried Droplet Counter by a t-adapter with HEPA filter, mouthpiece and connection port to the Resp-Aer-Meter via a hose. Each participant exercised in two phases of 30min each. Gahan, a clinical psychologist in Shrewsbury, United Kingdom, hasn't . ADS On the first day and each subsequent day we measured oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry. The alliance has developed protocols for using the drug to prevent and treat COVID-19, including guidelines specific to long-haulers. USA 116(22), 1090510910 (2019). Mallapaty, S. et al. Scheinherr, A. Glottal Motion and Its Impact on Airflow and Aerosol Deposition in Upper Airways During Human Breathing. I hope to become healthy soon and wish the same for every person in the world who is suffering. Front. Other reported neurological symptoms may include: Insomnia. Pre-existing heart conditions and poor metabolic health increase risk of severe COVID-19. Daily reduction of self-reported symptom scores was observed in the active group from Day 2 with 86% of all subjects discharged without symptoms while 0% of the control group ended their stay in the hospital without symptoms (Fig. Make sure you are drinking enough fluids, especially if you have a fever. taking acetaminophen to help control a fever. website and carries advertorials and native advertising. 925, A8 (2021). Mechanistically, future research should explore the impact of laryngeal hydration by (monovalent, divalent, isotonic and hypertonic) salts in laryngeal models as well as on oxygenation and respiratory droplet generation in the elderly, the obese, diabetics, athletes and those with an airborne infection. Evaporating hydrogels naturally develop a thin film of water over free air surfaces in the process of seeking equilibrium with moisture in the air54. Breathing, speaking, coughing or sneezing: What drives transmission of SARS-CoV-2?. ROCHESTER, Minnesota Long COVID syndrome, also known as post-COVID, is more than fatigue and shortness of breath.Symptoms such as headaches, brain fog and ringing in the ears have been reported, and recently, physicians are seeing more patients with gastrointestinal problems. Bangalore Baptist Hospital, Bangalore, India, Carolin Elizabeth George,Leeberk Raja Inbaraj,Sindhulina Chandrasingh&Indu K. Nair, GS BIO-INHALATION GmbH, Germunden, Germany, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA, Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK, School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA, Sensory Cloud, 650 East Kendall St, Cambridge, MA, USA, School of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USA, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, John A Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, You can also search for this author in CRP levels fell from day 1 to day 3 in 75% of the active group and in 52.6% of the control group (Table 1). collected and reported data related to the BBH COVID-19 human subject study. Dehydration can contribute to kidney stones, kidney failure and heatstroke, all life-threatening illnesses. These headaches may feel like a pulsating or stabbing sensation in the head. We used face-mask sampling to detect and quantify exhaled SARS-CoV-2 as further described in the Supplemental Material. Differences in average age and disease severity of patients in our study (Table 1) were insignificant between December 2020 and June 2021, as were environmental factors including relative humidity and air quality, suggesting that increase in proportion of delta variant infections may be a cause of the amplification of respiratory droplet generation over the duration of our study and a factor in the increased contagiousness of the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2. Did you fight COVID-19? Hamed, R., Schenck, D. M. & Fiegel, J. Josephson, A., Kilic, T. & Michler, J. D. Socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19 in low-income countries. PubMed Practice deep breathing on . C.E.G. Post COVID-19 condition, unspecified (U09.9) This new code became effective October 1, 2021 to identify conditions following acute COVID-19. COVID-19: Breaking down a global health crisis. Once the lower plateau of particle counts was reached subjects continued to breathe normally for the determination of exhaled aerosol particle number. PNAS 118, e2021830118 (2021). 307(1), 7178 (2007). 4C), as well as during exercise-induced dehydration, although the latter conclusion is based on a small data set and will need tobe validated by further study. The size and quantity of particles were determined from the number and intensity of the scattered light pulses. Clin. Post COVID period needs a supervised care and persistent cautious attitude. Zero respiratory symptoms. AJH and RDF are consultants for Sensory Cloud Inc., the manufacturer of FEND (the calcium-rich hypertonic salt used in the study). Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. 1C), enabling calculation of the mean exhaled particle count per liter, particle size distribution, and mean particle size (in m). Influence of gender and body composition on hydration and body water spaces. CAS However, mucus exists in the upper airways as a hydrogel53. Pneumonol. Scientific Reports (Sci Rep) PubMed If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. In Handbook of Behavioral Neuroscience Vol. They may last a few days . For those subjects (n=3) who received the laryngeal-targeted calcium-rich salts at 30min post exercise, oxygen saturation rose significantly (P<0.05) for two of the three subjects and remained unchanged (P>0.05) for the third, a trend previously reported on exercise-induced dehydration following systemic hydration41; mean oxygen saturation for the group was 97.1%0.5% at 60min post the commencement of exercise. We find that oxygen saturation increases in moderately symptomatic COVID-19 patients over three days of daily administration of calcium-rich hypertonic salts (Fig. COVID-19 headaches can last for months, especially if someone develops post-COVID-19 syndromes (long COVID). Lancet 18(11), P1191-1210 (2018). We excluded results from the randomized control study of all subjects who escalated to intensive care before completing the three days of FEND or Simply Saline administration. All error bars represent 95% confidence intervals based on standard deviation values. Head Neck Surg. Green color. Significance of differences in individual and collective aerosol numbers were determined by twin-tailed T Test. Sriram, K. et al. Surface rheological properties alter aerosol formation from mucus mimetic surfaces. The CVS MinuteClinic in York reports stomach bugs, viral upper respiratory infections, COVID, strep throat and secondary infections like sinus and ear infections. Alergol. 1C), a phenomenon augmented by residual volume (maximal inhalation and exhalation) breathing40, as with strenuous physical exercise. Long COVID patients may endure dizziness upon standing, research suggests. . N.M., J.S., and R.D.F. Although most people with COVID-19 experience mild symptoms or moderate illness, approximately 10-15% of cases progress to severe disease, and about 5% become critically ill. Keep the oximeter in handy and regularly check your oxygen level on the oximeter.Consult your doctor if the oxygen level is below 92 or you feel more congestion. 2B) and trended higher (P=0.057) with BMI (n=157) (Fig. Google Scholar. (A) Exhaled aerosol particle numbers from 39 mildly symptomatic COVID-19 subjects following administration of hypertonic calcium-rich salts targeting the upper airways (activeFEND), and 39 mildly symptomatic COVID-19 subjects following administration of nasal saline spray (Simply Salinecontrol); (B) Oxygen saturation levels as a function of days of administration of FEND (left, n=17)) and Simply Saline (right, n=20) control; (C) % intravenous antibiotic or steroid intervention required among those subjects with high inflammation in the FEND cohort (9 of 20 subjects) and in the Simply Saline cohort (9 of 19 subjects); (D) Self-reported symptom scores (on scale 1 to 5, with 1=no symptoms, and 5=most severe symptoms) as a function of days of hospitalization and administration over the first three days of FEND (right)and Simply Saline control(left). USA 101(50), 1738317388 (2004). We obtained an exemption from IRB approval from E&I Review. Apart from the infection, it has also affected people, psychologically. Barbet, J. P., Chauveau, M., Labbe, S. & Lockhart, A. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. We assessed symptoms of all 87 participants immediately after enrollment by analysis of blood markers of inflammation (CRP, D-Dimer), lung X-Ray, pulse oximetry, temperature and self-reported symptoms (fever, cough, diarrhea, loss of taste/smell, breathing difficulty, body pain). Please consult your treating physician for more, Get to know these incredible Eight-Thousanders, 9 popular dishes from Bikaner that you must try, Priyanka Chopra's daughter Malti is the cutest fashionista, Shehnaaz Gill won hearts in floral designs, 12 pics that capture Patralekha's breathtaking and understated beauty, How to make Street Style Bread and Coriander Chutney, 19 signs you are in a very toxic marriage, A look at some of Tejasswi Prakashs breathtaking outfits. The particle detector air port was attached by a flexible plastic tube to the side (by a T connector) of a 1 inner diameter tube into which subjects inhaled and exhaled. Each P-value below 0.05 was considered to be statistically different. Hypotheses. The lungs emit approximately 25% of daily total water mass loss in the process of hydrating inhaled air18. Annu. Effects of different protocols of hydration on cardiorespiratory parameters during exercise and recovery. Zhuang, P. et al. participated in the overall design of the study. Thank you for visiting nature.com. We want to hear all about it. To make it, add teaspoon of salt and 6 teaspoons of sugar (or brown sugar) to 4 . We measured C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and D-Dimer in blood samples of all participants at the commencement of the study to assess inflammation and need for intravenous antibiotics. She designed, oversaw and interpreted data from all of the COVID-19 human subject research. Alternating low and high humidity in the upper airways during tidal breathing creates a cyclical pattern of dehydration and rehydration that, when accompanied by systemic dehydration or the chronic breathing of dry air, can promote extreme thinning of upper airway lining fluid11, reduce cilia beat frequency10, and damage epithelial cells19. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention offers advice to help you avoid dehydration when sick, including: If you aren't eating well, drink liquids. Given the lower flow-rate through the system relative to the US and India measurement system (for the German system the flow rate was 9.5 L/min), the instrument comprised a heated hose section upstream of the measurement cell to avoid condensation effects and enable evaporation of larger droplets. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. We find in human volunteer studies involving 464 human subjects in Germany, the US, and India that respiratory droplet generation increases by up to 4 orders of magnitude in dehydration-associated states of advanced age (n=357), elevated BMI-age (n=148),strenuous exercise (n=20) and SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=87), and falls with hydration of the nose, larynx and trachea by calcium-rich hypertonic salts. Greater central airway luminal area in people with COVID-19: a casecontrol series, The impact of hydration status and fluid distribution on pulmonary function in COPD patients, Clinical characterization and possible pathophysiological causes of the Deventilation Syndrome in COPD, Ivy leaves extract EA575 in the treatment of cough during acute respiratory tract infections: meta-analysis of double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials, The upper-airway microbiota and loss of asthma control among asthmatic children, Body composition, physical capacity, and immuno-metabolic profile in community-acquired pneumonia caused by COVID-19, influenza, and bacteria: a prospective cohort study, Assessing the extent and timing of chemosensory impairments during COVID-19 pandemic, Effects of oligo-fucoidan on the immune response, inflammatory status and pulmonary function in patients with asthma: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Key recommendations for primary care from the 2022 Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) update, https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.752227, https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-020-00700-x, https://doi.org/10.1142/S252973252101001X, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/insacog-data-too-confirm-rise-of-b-1-617-across-states/articleshow/82781103.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00648-4, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00869-2, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Cancel We hypothesized that daily targeting of hypertonic divalent cation salt solutions to the upper airways would be an effective non-drug strategy to reduce health risks of COVID-19 by: (a) hydrating the upper airways in the early stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection to improve upper-airway clearance and; (b) reducing respiratory droplet generation and promoting oxygenation otherwise diminished by dehydration of the larynx. J. In addition, assign code(s) for specific conditions 121(2), 10581065 (2018). Health 10, 010344 (2020). The Lanccet 397(10285), 16031605. 04:20. The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available via the provided hyperlink information in the supplementary material. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. Mol. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on Friday published new data listing the most common side effects Americans reported after receiving shots of Pfizer 's or Moderna 's Covid-19 . 4, 110 (2020). At night, if I skipped drinking water for an hour then my brain started to fog, leading to weakness, low B.P, and anxiety. Error bars represent standard errors of the mean. Arch. Greg Vanichkachorn, M.D., director of Mayo Clinic's COVID Activity Rehabilitation Program, describes the most . Call 911 or go to the emergency room right away if you have symptoms of severe dehydration, or (see below) heatstroke: A temperature of 103 degrees Fahrenheit or higher. Three of the subjects in the active group were escalated to intensive care prior to completing the three days of treatment and were therefore excluded from the post-treatment results. It is estimated that 80 percent of people with COVID-19 have one or more lingering symptoms. The effect of hydration on voice quality in adults: A systematic review. Booster shots are the focus of many nations' plans to battle Covid this winter Credit: Avalon.red. J. A new natural defense against airborne pathogens. Analysis of respiratory droplet composition has revealed the presence of lung surfactant and the absence of mucin, implicating the smaller airways as a more probable site of generation than the upper airways52. Van Hirtum, A., Bouvet, A. How much water is lost during breathing?. 64, 18511857 (1988). Drug Deliv. Microbiol. Proc. On subsequent counting procedures, the same mouthpiece, tubing and HEPA filter were reattached by the participant to insure the absence of contamination from one subject to the next. We also measured exhaled aerosol in 87 mildly symptomatic COVID-19 positive patients admitted into Bangalore Baptist Hospital between December 2020 and June 2021 as shown in Fig. Why Dehydration Might Make COVID Vaccine Side Effects Worse "Inadequate hydration or, even worse, dehydration, can exacerbate . At night I felt thirsty and drank almost a litre of warm water to keep myself hydrated. Whole-body dehydration frequently accompanies COVID-1912 and is a potential common underlying factor in phenotypical states such as advanced age13 and high BMI14 associated with heightened risk of disease. Physiol. B 72, 2337 (2018). CAS Laryngeal respiratory droplet generation appears to be driven by the fact that on normal inhalation air passing through the larynx accelerates in the vicinity of the glottis (Fig. Copyright 2023 Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.For reprint rights: Jagjit Singh, a 40-year-old healthy man, was confident that COVID-19 could not affect him.He assumed that he had already been infected and that he was cured due to his strong immunity. We obtained IRB approval for the study from the Ethics Committee at Bangalore Baptist Hospital. Our findings are reported here. . It comes as the NHS ramps up its Covid booster campaign, in a bid to turbocharge the country . urine that's foamy or bloody. We identified SARS-CoV-2 RNA in several exhaled breath samples as further described in the Supplemental Material. Two deep nasal inhalations of approximately 4s constituted an administration with each of the aerosol generators. Mol. 5) at our three study sites (Bangalore, Marburg, Boston) were conducted in accordance with relevant regulations, and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Clin. Over the course of the three days of administration, oxygen saturation rose significantly (P=5.981e07) in the active group and did not change (P=0.533) in the Simply Saline control group (Fig. Dehydration can lead to headaches. Dr. Danesh Alam, a psychiatrist with Northwestern Medicine, says "post-COVID psychosis" is rare, but as a result of reported cases, researchers are looking to see how COVID affects the human brain. COVID-19 diarrhea can cause green stool by the way it causes yellow stool (lack of fat breakdown). Moderate. Shown are (A) all subjects before and after 30min of exercise; (B) all non-treatment control subjects before, during and after 60min of exercise; (C) all active subjects before and after administration at 30min of exercise of upper-airway salts; (D) all subjects as a function of dehydration weight loss over the course of the exercise-induced dehydration study after 30min (left) and all control subjects after 60min (right). Int. ADS Indeed, in previous work41 we find that delivery of isotonic saline or hypertonic saline with 812m mean-diameter salt droplets diminishes exhaled aerosol to levels equivalent to the breathing of humid airconsistent with what we observe in the present study. Ten scientific reasons in support of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2. 3C). However, in the early months of the pandemic . Community transmission and viral load kinetics of the SARS-CoV-2 delta (B.1.617.2) variant in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals in the UK: A prospective, longitudinal, cohort study. Drug intervention and COVID-19 symptom measures following administration of FEND or the Simply Saline control. We obtained IRB approval for the study from the Ethics Committee at the University Marburg. 103(5), 9S-18S (1997). PubMed J. & Iwasaki, A. Seasonality of respiratory infections. COVID-19 causes a range of symptoms, including headaches that can vary from person to person. With the continuation of exercise to 60min for the control group mean exhaled aerosol trended higher (855995 particles per liter of air) while without significance relative to the exhaled aerosol levels at 30min (P=0.204). Upper airway dehydration further alters the dynamics of the glottis26, the triangular-shaped narrow passage within the larynx bounded by the vocal folds (Fig. An active (FEND) cohort of 20 subjects received by nasal inhalation a calcium-rich hypertonic salt solution (4.72% CaCl2, 0.31% NaCl) via a hand-held, vibrating-mesh nebulizer (see Supplemental Material) and with a median volume droplet diameter of 812m designed to target the nose, trachea and main bronchi. The code should be used for patients with a history of probable or confirmed SARS CoV-2 infection who are identified with a post-COVID condition. J. Environ. I also want to encourage people to share their stories and help others. In terms of recovery, these are all fine foods to eat, and many are included on lists . When the cases began to rise last year, I remained alert and took precautions like wearing a mask and using hand sanitisers frequently.I kept myself safe from COVID for almost a year.I am 40 years old with a fit and healthy body and I assumed that maybe I had already got affected by the virus and was cured due to my immunity.This was my mistake that cost me my health.
