The lung infection tied to COVID-19was originally called novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (NCIP). The current hypothesis is that these lesions are a result of the inflammation caused by the virus itself, along with the consequences of mechanical ventilation in patients who require intubation. In the most serious cases, you may need to go to the hospital for help breathing with a machine called a ventilator. She also said that future research could look at any possible effect the COVID-19 vaccines have on a persons likelihood of developing sequelae: I think that the vaccines are another potential confounder or effect modifier [] Because I think and this is not a political statement, it is just an observational statement that just as COVID-19 is a stressor, the vaccines, because they are so effective at generating an immune response, are also stressors., On some level, said Dr. Arbaje, they may act as COVID-19 not in causing illness per se but in being a stressor. Everyone experiences these conditions differently and may want different types of support or even no support at all. Dr. Estores said the findings may be due to the limited knowledge doctors currently have of how to care for patients following the acute phase of COVID-19. Many adults with disabilities already experience challenges in accessing health services, and they may need different clinical management of their symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially if their long-term symptoms are difficult to distinguish from their underlying chronic conditions. Lancet Infect Dis. The researchers then identified new conditions occurring 3 weeks or more after each participants COVID-19 diagnosis. Where clinically indicated, symptom management and a comprehensive rehabilitation plan can be initiated simultaneously with laboratory testing for most patients. Autoimmune conditions can also occur after COVID-19. Stock image from the attention at COVID cases in the Emergencies Area. And when the immune system receives such a hit, I think it may have less ability, defenses, or physiological reserve to do its other duties, like monitoring for cancer cells, monitoring for the things it normally does., So COVID-19 may accelerate what was already coming if we have tendencies that were coming our way, or it may create new injuries that the body then has to deal with. Extreme fatigue/tiredness. And if were going to invoke that theory, then we should also study whether there are any sequelae do people have exacerbations of their underlying illness shortly after vaccination?, So I think keeping an open mind on everything related to COVID-19, including vaccines, I think that needs to be studied. Background: Non-invasive oxygen therapy (NIT) consists of high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Gommers, K.M. Updated Jan. 27, 2023. About 80% of people who have COVID-19 get mild to moderate symptoms. 2021 Jan-Dec;18:14799731211015691. doi:10.1177%2F14799731211015691, Berger Z, Altiery DE Jesus V, Assoumou SA, et al. You may also have: Fatigue Chills Nausea or vomiting Talk to your doctor about whether you should get either vaccine. The COVID Lung Ultrasound Study (COVIDLUS) aimed to investigate the utility of serial lung ultrasound (LUS) to track functional and physiological recovery after hospitalisation in patients with CP. So I think the study is important, because it helps us begin to think of COVID-19 as having a broader effect than maybe one might have thought of before., [Another] reason this is significant is that it honors the patients disease or illness journey. People experiencing homelessness or housing instability as well as people in correctional facilities may also experience challenges accessing healthcare and other support services. These include low lymphocytes and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP). Some locations require an appointment while others are drive-up. Bacteria or viruses like influenza that cause pneumonia can spread across large regions of the lung within hours. This was 11% higher than the comparison group from 2020. Readmission and Death After Initial Hospital Discharge Among Patients With COVID-19 in a Large Multihospital System. A new national study will investigate the long-term effects of lung inflammation and scarring from COVID-19. 2021 May 10. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00211-5, Huang C, Huang L, Wang Y, et al. As the infection slowly moves across the lung, it leaves damage in its wake and continuously fuels the fever, low blood pressure and damage to the kidneys, brain, Lancet Infect Dis. It can take time to feel better after you have pneumonia. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and antigen testing are not 100% sensitive. As a result of the detailed analysis, researchers identified critical targets to. If patients with COVID-19 are carefully managed and the health care system isnt overwhelmed, you can get them through it, Budinger said. Lambert N, Survivor Corps, El-Azab SA, et al. Over the coming months, determining both the real incidence of after-effects and how to treat them is of high importance, in order to understand the full impact of pneumonia caused by COVID-19 in patients. For patients who report previous infection with SARS-CoV-2, in addition to standard vital signs (i.e., blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, pulse-oximetry, body temperature) and body mass index, healthcare professionals should evaluate ambulatory pulse-oximetry for individuals presenting with respiratory symptoms, fatigue, or malaise. A person may be experiencing diabetes and hypertension and stroke and COVID-19 not just COVID-19 alone. Christian Gaebler et al., Nature. Evidence of this continued trouble also showed up in their lungs. Web"Gooseberry" held anti-mask and anti-vax views before her fragile husband was diagnosed with lung cancer last year, and she didn't back down from posting disinformation after his diagnosis. Current U.S. government Long COVID research and plans for accelerating research and innovation in Long COVID are summarized in the National Research Action Plan on Long COVID. However, the study was carried out on a small group of patients, with all the limitations this involves. Although the full impact of the lesions is currently unknown, various centres are monitoring these patients to be able to detect the potential development of pulmonary fibrosis early, including post-COVID consultation at Hospital Clnic. WebHere, we report that influenza viral pneumonia leads to chronic nonresolving lung pathology and exacerbated accumulation of CD8 + tissue-resident memory T cells (T RM) in the respiratory tract of aged hosts. For information about antibody testing, see Using Antibody Tests for COVID-19. Accessed at: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/bulletins/prevalenceofongoingsymptomsfollowingcoronaviruscovid19infectionintheuk/1april2021, Chevinsky JR, Tao G, Lavery AM, et al. About 5% of people have critical infections and need a ventilator. Accessed at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/339629/Policy-brief-39-1997-8073-eng.pdf, Huang Y, Pinto MD, Borelli JL, et al. What does COVID-19 recovery actually look like? A chest CT scan may show patchy areas of damage in both your lungs. A positive SARS-CoV-2 viral test (i.e., nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) orantigen test) or serologic (antibody) test canhelp assess for current or previous infection; however, these laboratory tests are not required to establish a diagnosis of post-COVID conditions. You may also breathe faster. Readmissions among patients with COVID-19. You may have severe shortness of breath, a cough, a fever, chest pain, chills, or fatigue. Get the latest news delivered to your inbox. Such diaries and calendars can provide greater insight into patients symptoms and lived experience for healthcare providers. Various investigations in this field, which are still being carried out, will determine the real impact of the after-effects of this disease, especially those that persist in the mid- and long-term, in other words, 6 and 12 months after the serious illness caused by COVID. The targets are the immune cells: macrophages and T cells. BMJ. medRxiv. Ann Intern Med. Ideally, healthcare professionals, in consultation with the relevant specialists, should develop a comprehensive management plan based on their patients presenting symptoms, underlying medical and psychiatric conditions, personal and social situations, and their treatment goals. Receive the latest news from our institution directly to your email. Point Prevalence Estimates of Activity-Limiting Long-Term Symptoms among U.S. Support groups are connecting individuals, providing support, and sharing resources for persons affected by COVID-19 (see Resources). The complex nature of the study, in which samples from patients were analyzed with the most sophisticated technologies available in Northwesterns state-of-the art research labs, required the concerted effort of more than 100 researchers. The differences in sequelae between this group and the SARS-CoV-2 group were therefore much less pronounced. Int J Environ Res Public Health. For instance, how safely can we start rehabilitation interventions? Post-COVID conditions involve multiple organ systems, thus a thorough physical examination should be completed. Risk factors for long covid in previously hospitalised children using the ISARIC Global follow-up protocol: A prospective cohort study. For the General Public: Long COVID (Post-COVID Conditions). We do know, for example, that SARS-CoV-2 can affect the olfactory nerve, causing anosmia [inability to smell], and that the clotting system can be activated, increasing the risk of thrombosis, Dr. Cohen continued. The absence of laboratory-confirmed abnormalities or the decision to forgo extensive laboratory testing should not lead to dismissing the possible impact of a patients symptoms on their daily function. COVID Symptoms, Symptom Clusters, and Predictors for Becoming a Long-Hauler: Looking for Clarity in the Haze of the Pandemic. Clinical trials are looking into whether some drugs and treatments used for other conditions might treat severe COVID-19 or related pneumonia, including dexamethasone, a corticosteroid. How Viagra became a new 'tool' for young men, Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:887-892. Pneumonia is a lung infection that causes inflammation in the tiny air sacs inside your lungs. Before ordering laboratory testing for post-COVID conditions, the goals of testing should be clear to the healthcare professional and to the patient. Long-term effects of WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Pulmonary lesions can be observed in x-ray images of some patients admitted due to COVID. How I Do It: Rapid Design and Implementation of Post-COVID-19 Clinics. Fatigue is a huge problem with long COVID, requiring careful activity pacing. Instead of rapidly infecting large regions of the lung, the virus causing COVID-19 sets up shop in multiple small areas of the lung. Chest. Based on current information, many post-COVID conditions can be managed by primary care providers, using patient-centered approaches to optimize the quality of life and function of affected patients. 2021 Jan 19;325(3):304-306. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.21465, Somani SS, Richter F, Fuster V, et al. Early symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. 2021 May 11:e14357. Think of your respiratory tract as an upside-down tree. In patients with normal chest x-rays and normal oxygen saturation, computed tomography (CT) imaging of the chest might have lower yield for assessing pulmonary disease. 2020 Jun;56(3):339-344. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.20.06298-X. Your blood may also be low in oxygen. However, researchers have shown that the disease can affect multiple organs in a persons body. Many factors affect the length of recovery from pneumonia, including: Some people, especially those who had severe COVID-19, experience multiorgan effects or autoimmune conditions with symptoms lasting weeks, months, or Doctors are still studying whether these effects are permanent or might heal over time.A few people have even needed lung transplants because of severe tissue damage from COVID-19. While patients may still recover after 12 weeks, persistent illness becomes more likely. Scientists took cells from patients lung fluid and looked at the RNA and the proteins those cells express, enabling them to identify how these immune cells drive inflammation. Lancet Psychiatry. Check your inbox, in a few moments you will receive a confirmation email. What is the latest research on the form of cancer Jimmy Carter has? 2004-2023 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK, a Red Ventures Company. As the infection slowly moves across the lung, it leaves damage in its wake and continuously fuels the fever, low blood pressure and damage to the kidneys, brain, heart and other organs inpatients with COVID-19. In research, we often limit our studies to one disease and what happens with that one disease. Assaf G, Davis H, McCorkell L, et al. We have already published a similar analysis in a cohort of 1864-year-olds, and we are completing work on a pediatric population. Most people who get COVID-19 have mild or moderate symptoms like coughing, a fever, and shortness of breath.But some who catchCOVID-19get severepneumoniain bothlungs. Methods Seventy-two patients A selection of some available assessment tools is shown in Table 2a and Table 2b. The term post-COVID conditions is an umbrella term for the wide range of physical and mental health consequences experienced by some patients that are present four or more weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection, including by patients who had initial mild or asymptomatic acute infection. On a chest CT, they may see something they call ground-glass opacity because it looks like the frosted glass on a shower door. Weara face mask if you have to go out. Patients who experienced multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS)during or after COVID-19 illness may be at higher risk for on-going multiorgan system effects and post-COVID conditions. sensation of an irregular heartbeat exhaustion that comes on easily Kidney disease frequent need to urinate urine thats foamy or bloody swollen ankles Laboratory testing should be guided by the patient history, physical examination, and clinical findings. Follow-up visits with a healthcare professional might be considered every 23 months, with frequency adjusted up or down depending on the patients condition and illness progression. A Multidisciplinary NHS COVID-19 Service to Manage Post-COVID-19 Syndrome in the Community. The timeline of COVID-19 symptoms will vary between people, but some studies suggest certain symptoms may appear at certain stages of the condition. The researchers note similar findings for the 2019 comparison group. We saw a higher risk of respiratory failure, dementia, and post-viral fatigue in the COVID-19 group, compared to the lower respiratory tract infection group, but the JAMA. Int J Clin Pract. I see patients who still have sequela past 120 days, who want to know if their symptoms can still improve. WebEffects of Early Physical Therapy and Follow-Up in Acute Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia: A Retrospective Observational Study: Author: Bordas Martnez, Jaume Luzardo Gonzlez, Ana COVID-19 Pneumnia COVID-19 Pneumonia: Issue Date: 11-Apr-2022: Publisher: Frontiers Media: COVID-19 has an impact on multiple organs such as the heart,3kidneys,4and liver5but the primary system affected has been the respiratory system with most of the clinical manifestations including cough, sputum production, dyspnea, fever, fatigue, and in severe cases acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and respiratory failure.68The Now he's died of Covid pneumonia. Severe illness due to the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and the previous variants often involves the infection and inflammation of the lungs. 2021 Jan 30. doi:10.1093/cid/ciab080. Its protecting against inflammation. The drug to be tested quiets the inflammatory response of these immune cells, thus enabling initiation of the repair process in the injured lung. It can be difficult to distinguish symptoms caused by post-COVID conditions from symptoms that occur for other reasons. Although the research could not demonstrate causation, Dr. Cohen suggested that the findings may be the result of two different syndromes. With over 400 million cases of COVID-19 worldwide, even a modest risk of long-term sequelae will have a major impact on patients and our healthcare systems. Regularly clean and disinfect surfaces in your home that you touch often, such as countertops and keyboards. Post-COVID Conditions: Information for Healthcare Providers, How to Get Involved in Long COVID Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Long-term respiratory effects can occur after COVID-19 pneumonia (CP). Stay home and avoid others as much as you can. These patients have a systemic inflammatory response that is quite severe, and many of the post-acute sequelae are a consequence of the organ damage that occurs from this process.. If your doctor takes a CT scan of your chest, the opaque spots in your lungs look like they start to connect to each other. Post-COVID conditions are heterogeneous and may be attributable to different underlying pathophysiologic processes. The approach to caring for patients with post-COVID conditions will likely change over time as evidence accumulates. Some of these effects are similar to those from hospitalization for other respiratory infections or other conditions. Skip to main content. COVID-19 symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity in a large survey of first responders and healthcare personnel, May-July 2020. This can start in one part of your lung and spread. It is also possible that some patients with post-COVID conditions will not have had positive test results for SARS-CoV-2 because of a lack of testing or inaccurate testing during the acute period, or because of waning antibody levels or false-negative antibody testing during follow up. WebFlu vaccines and anti-pneumonia shots are being looked into as one of countermeasures against COVID-19. 2020 Oct;7(10):ofaa420. 2021 Jan-Dec;12:21501327211010994. doi:10.1177/21501327211010994, Brigham E, OToole J, Kim SY, et al. Dr. Arbaje speculated that the increase in sequelae in the COVID-19 group could be due to the significant effect of a SARS-CoV-2 infection on a persons immune system, as well as the way COVID-19 can damage many parts of a persons body. The paper said that while numerous cases They are unable to get enough oxygen to the bloodstream, reducing the body's ability to take on oxygen and remove carbon dioxide what in most cases causes death. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. The pneumonia vaccine protects against a kind of bacteria, not the coronavirus. Optimizing management of underlying medical conditions might include counseling on lifestyle components such as nutrition, sleep, and stress reduction (e.g., meditation). The work was done as part of a consortium of investigators participating in the Successful Clinical Response in Pneumonia Therapy Systems Biology Center funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases led by Wunderink. 2021 Mar 1. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3769978, Al-Aly Z, Xie Y, Bowe B. High-dimensional characterization of post-acute sequalae of COVID-19. [This could include] public health infrastructure, disability, rehabilitation, considering what policies might be put into place to support people who have this illness, or the caregivers who are now needing to take off work or maybe quit to care for people with long-term disability, suggested Dr. Arbaje. In patients without an elevated D-dimer and compatible symptoms, CT pulmonary angiogram may be lower yield in the context of a pulmonary embolism workup. Arch Intern Med. Whereas older patients and those with underlying health conditions might have an increased risk for severe disease, young people, including those who were physically fit before SARS-CoV-2 infection, have also reported symptoms lasting several months after acute illness. 1603 Orrington Avenue Rehabilitation needs of the first cohort of post-acute COVID-19 patients in Hubei, China. Lastly, patient advocacy groups have raised concerns that some post-COVID conditions have been either misdiagnosed as or misattributed to psychiatric causes or deconditioning, particularly among persons who belong to groups that have been marginalized or disproportionately impacted. Long COVID and Health Inequities: The Role of Primary Care. Some of these types of conditions were also reported in patients following severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), two other life-threatening illnesses resulting from coronavirus infections. COVID-19 pneumonia is a serious illness that can be deadly. the increased risk for incidental findings. Long Covid-19: Proposed Primary Care Clinical Guidelines for Diagnosis and Disease Management. Avoid anyone whos sick. CDC has updated select ways to operate healthcare systems effectively in response to COVID-19 vaccination. Give your provider a complete list of all medicines you have taken recently. The other broad category is those with milder infection not requiring hospitalization, and here, we have fewer answers. An intense conflagration in the lungs (regular pneumonia) has a higher risk of death. COVID-19 Interim Guidance: Return to Sports and Physical Activity. CDC considers post-COVID conditions to be present if recovery does not occur after the 4-week acute phase even though many patients continue to recover between 4 and 12 weeks. People with COVID-19 pneumonia will often also have symptoms of COVID-19, Dr. Casciari said. We have received your information. First, because it focuses on older adults, and this is the population thats most likely to demonstrate long-term effects from this infection, and so I think its important and timely given the phase of the pandemic that were in., A year ago, 2 years ago, we were asking, How do we treat this illness? An error has occurred and we have not been able to send your data, please try again later. The drug was originally developed to treat the Ebola virus. Arch Med Res. According to the CDC, those include: 6 Fever or chills Cough Is there any treatment to mitigate these after-effects? CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. Lung effects from COVID pneumonia may persist. JAMA. Symptoms that persist beyond three months should prompt further evaluation. People with barriers to accessing health care due to lack of health insurance, access to healthcare professionals who accept their health insurance, or lack of transportation, childcare, or paid sick leave may face additional challenges accessing healthcare. When COVID pneumonia develops, it causes additional symptoms, such as: Shortness of breath Increased heart rate Low blood pressure What's more is that COVID A fever, a dry cough, and shortness of breath are common early signs of COVID-19. Breathing. doi:10.1136/bmj.m3026, COVID-19 Rapid Guideline: Managing the Long-Term Effects of COVID-19. WebThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented surge in hospitalised patients with viral pneumonia. The lining can become irritated and inflamed. They may fill up with so much fluid and pus that its hard to breathe. Is it beneficial to modify your exercise routine according to your menstrual cycle phase. You can change the settings and get more information in the. Healthcare providers should encourage patients to report any new or changing symptoms and to discuss any changes in activities or routines. Free COVID testing is available in most communities. Long-term respiratory effects can occur Researchers are working to characterize and differentiate the multiple possible etiologies, such as. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. The data builds nicely on Veterans Affairs data on post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, with the inclusion of a cohort of patients who were admitted to a hospital compared to those who were not, and using a comparison group of patients with other viral lower respiratory tract infection.. COVID-19 can cause a range of breathing problems, from mild to critical. You may have a dry cough or a sore throat. 2021 Mar 30. doi:10.1111/1468-0009.12505, Waltenburg MA, Victoroff T, Rose CE, et al. Those with COVID-19 pneumonia are sick for a long time, but the inflammation in their lungs is not as severe as regular pneumonia. By continuing to browse, we consider that you accept its use. The Johns Hopkins Post-Acute COVID-19 Team (PACT): A Multidisciplinary, Collaborative, Ambulatory Framework Supporting COVID-19 Survivors. Theres evidence that 20-30% of the critically ill patients can develop clots in the lungs, heart, brain and legs, some of which are life threatening. People with pre-existing substance use disorder may be at risk for relapse. Dr. Estores said extending the studys observation time could also be a way to develop the research. Medical and research communities are still learning about post-acute COVID-19 symptoms and clinical findings. Causes behind painful breathing, fluid buildup. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Nov 13;69(45):1695-1699. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6945e2, Chopra V, Flanders SA, OMalley M, et al. About BVHS; Mayo Clinic Care Network; News & Media; Contact Us A case study reported in the peer-viewed journal Vaccine found that a patient who had Parkinsons Disease and who died after receiving his third Covid-19 vaccination had developed necrotizing encephalitis in the brain and spike proteins from the vaccine were present in the location of the inflammation.. Healthcare professionals can provide information on peer support resources (e.g., patient support groups, online forums). Clin Infect Dis. Klok, M.J.H.A. At the pulmonary level, it is known that a significant percentage of patients who have had a serious form of the illness present changes to respiratory function after three months of being discharged from hospital. Signs of this potentially fatal complication. Can you lose weight by speeding up your metabolism? We aimed to investigate the clinical effects of intravenous glucocorticoid (GC) therapy for severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Tenforde MW, Devine OJ, Reese HE, et al. Causes behind painful breathing, fluid buildup. First authors are Rogan Grant, Luisa Morales-Nebreda and Nikolay Markov. Milbank Q. Others might require directed diagnostic testing with the understanding that such clinical assessments might be uninformative, and that potential harms could arise from excessive testing such as: For most patients with possible post-COVID conditions, healthcare professionals might choose a conservative diagnostic approach in the first four to 12 weeks following SARS-CoV-2 infection. These sacs are where the oxygen you breathe is processed and delivered to your blood. During the initial years of the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) due to Streptococcus pneumoniae declined substantially in multiple countries. Your doctor can diagnose COVID-19 pneumonia based on your symptoms and imaging studies (x-rays)>, Blood tests may also show signs of COVID-19 pneumonia. What is known so far about the persistence of these symptoms? Broadly, I think about post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 as two syndromes, although there is overlap, he explained. Functional testing can also be helpful to quantitatively document clinical status over time. Symptom inventories and assessment tools, such as those embedded within electronic health records at many healthcare organizations, can help evaluate and monitor the status of post-COVID conditions. Stals, M.V. Res Sq. Petersen LR, Sami S, Vuong N, et al. Post-COVID recovery Find out about possible causes of post-COVID-19 conditions and ways to manage symptoms. 2009 Dec 14;169(22):2142-7. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.384. anxiety about abnormal results that do not have clinical significance, A basic panel of laboratory tests might be considered for patients with ongoing symptoms (including testing for non-COVID-19-related conditions that may be contributing to illness) to assess for conditions that may respond to treatment (, More specialized testing may not be needed in patients who are being initially evaluated for post-COVID conditions; however, expanded testing should be considered if symptoms persist for 12 weeks or longer (, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) (e.g., Cognitive Function 4a), Post-Covid-19 Functional Status Scale (PCFS), Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea Scale, Screen for Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms (SPTSS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Connective Tissue Disease Screening Questionnaire. The researchers matched these participants to three other comparison groups: two groups that did not have COVID-19 in 2020 and 2019, and a third group that did not have COVID-19 but had a lower respiratory tract infection. The Lancet Infectious Disease: Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study., National Cancer Institute: NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms - alveoli., Biophysical Journal: How Viruses Invade Cells., Johns Hopkins Medicine: Coronavirus COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)., The Lancet Respiratory Medicine: Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome., World Health Organization: Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), Q&A on coronaviruses (COVID-19)., The Lancet: COVID-19: What is next for public health? Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study., UpToDate: Patient education: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (The Basics), Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)., American Lung Association: Pneumonia Treatment and Recovery., American Thoracic Society: What is Pneumonia?, Radiology: Time Course of Lung Changes On Chest CT During Recovery From 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia, Chest CT Findings in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19): Relationship to Duration of Infection., Translational Lung Cancer Research: Ground-glass nodules of the lung in never-smokers and smokers: clinical and genetic insights..
