The ethnic group to which most of the characters belong is the __________________people. Welcome, Love, Peace and Unity in Nsibidi. The cloth is made of plain cotton but transformed into a ritual object when nsibidi symbols are inscribed onto it through indigo dyeing. Ekpe members request nsibidi designs of personal or communal significance. The images, ideology, and secrecy associated with kp have been studied for more than one hundred years, and yet crucial features of the history of kp and its transformation have been neglected. Right now, Ekpe . Ethnographic - (Head crest, Ejagham People): Worn by a member of the Ekpe Society to intimidate and punish anyone who has broken tribal law. a king whose attempts to have a special son lead him to make bargains with one Islamic missionary and two noble travelers. We are about loving, encouraging, embracing, teaching, and building with black people. In Amos Tutuola's The Palm-Wine Drinkard, the narrator leaves his home and begins his adventure in the bush when: In the excerpt that we read from The Palm-Wine Drinkard, the narrator and his wife encounter: In the Song of Lawino, by Okot p'Bitek, a woman speaks to: Lawino's husband's new wife is called _______________________(Either of two possible answers) in the text. The Oroko (also Bareka/Batekka) are an ethnic group in Cameroon.They belong to the coastal Bantu group, widely known as Sawa, and primarily occupy the Ndian and Meme divisions of the Southwest Region of Cameroon.The people predominantly speak Oroko, English, and Cameroon Pidgin English.The Oroko are related to several ethnic groups (or tribes) in Cameroon's coastal areas, with whom they share . The Ekpe Society is a religious and cultural institution among the Efik people, it can also be found among the Annang and the Ibibios. This is evident in a testimony by Isaac Parker, a ship-keeper who lived at Duke town in 1765 for 5 months. Among the Southern Igbo, the Ekpe society, introduced from the Cross River area, uses contrasting masks to represent the maiden spirit and the elephant spirit, the latter representing ugliness and aggression and the former representing beauty and peacefulness. The Ekpo/Ekpe society is a significant part of the Ibibio political system. The earliest list of Efik traders is provided in Jean Barbot's manuscript which was later printed in 1732. [47] Antia Ekot Otong is regarded as one of the descendants of the patriarch Otong Ama Ide. The Freemasonry's affiliation to the Imhotep is clearly evident and this is probably why they are accused of several conspiracy theories, since their objective is geared towards the restructuring and controlling of global affairs. Ekpe Society 1st Conclave from Sept 16 to 17 2009, Ekpe DC Sessekou relaxing during the conclave, Ekpe Society members with Justice Hilman Egbe at a MECA DC meeting. [64] They insisted that Obutong be completely destroyed. [39] At Ndodoghi, the Efik priest-king Ema Atai Ema Atai died and was succeeded by his son Eyo Ema Atai Ema Atai Iboku. [81] [82] The Portuguese are said to have arrived in masted ships. Ekpe cult, the leopard cult, and a male masquerade cult of the Efik, in cross river state of Nigeria, followed by Doomsday cult (prediction of total destruction of planet earth), then the. It has a variety of different characters and is indigenous to areas of Southeastern Nigeria and . [32] The Efik having pity on these men gave them food and showed them hospitality. Probably about 8000 BC one group reached Nigeria by an overland route and settled at Ibom (Arochuku) there they erected the famous shrine now known as the Long Juju of Arochuku. The symbols are arranged in a grid, giving the cloths an orderly, symmetrical quality that is often reinforced by repeated patterns. One of such accounts was given at a court case by Prince Bassey Duke in 1917 where he stated, "The Efiks were originally Ibo descendants. [33] Abasi was angered by the Uruan woman and cursed the Uruan people who started to punish her for her insubordination. Upon leaving the Cameroon territory, the Ibibio arrived at their present location following two major directions. [10] The original seven clans are scattered between Cross River state and Akwa Ibom state and consist of Iboku (Duke town, Henshaw town, Creek town and Cobham town), Obutong, Adiabo, Mbiabo (Mbiabo Edere, Mbiabo Ikot Offiong, Mbiabo Ikoneto), Enwang, Usukakpa and Abayen. Body art plays a major role in Ibibio art. I'm still struggling to understand her choice. [47], By the seventeenth century, more Efik settlements had been founded. [54] The name "Agbisherea" (also known as Egbosherry) appended in the names of the two kings listed by Barbot, was the name of the country, on the coast of which they traded from. Determine the meaning of the italicized word in each sentence by examining the context. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as messengers of the ancestors (ikan). Membership in the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society, for example, available to wealthy men who can meet the expense involved, confers high social status and political authority; these men participate in ceremonies concerned with ancestral spirits and are believed to protect the community through magic and religious ritual. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. Law and order in Efik society was maintained via a number of secret societies. Having associated broadly with foreigners in the pre-colonial era and . Have you ever thought about starting a secret society? [49] Prior to the arrival of the Efiom Ekpo group, oral tradition has it that when some Efik migrated to Creek town from Ndodoghi, The Enwang did not join them but migrated to the present site of Duke town. [52] The Captains wrote the acting consul who was stationed at Fernando Po. Due to the peregrinations of Efik traders across the lower Cross River region, The Efik language was regarded as the language of commerce in the Cross river region. [27] A number of reasons have been given on why the Efik left Uruan. With the inception of the transatlantic slave trade, a number of foreign clothes were introduced into Efik society. an extraordinarily powerful woman, who can change herself into a buffalo, the proud oldest daughter of a king, who insists on being respected, enraged by her brother's refusal to give her the inheritance she feels she is owed, guilt-ridden for having killed many of her brother's people, and for having pushed her youngest sister too hard and too Their king on the eastern Calabar coast was known as Ating Anua Efiom. A list of some of Africa's most prominent cults and secret societies of all time. Ekpe" which literally means Lion, is a traditional secret society originated from the Ekoi tribe in Cross River State. Abakua is an Afro-Cuban mens secret society related to the Ekpe. Goldie describes Eburutu as a country that consists of various ethnic groups. They came from Mbiak Creek in Ibibio country. At least in the past, very large sums were paid to attain these upper levels. part of the Balondos or Orokos in Ndian in Southern Cameroon) and Idombi (ie present town, called Bamusso in Ndian-Southern . [32] Oku adds that the Uruan were adverse to the Efik custom of burying strangers with their dead and did not share in the practice carried out by the Efik. Why do you think it is important for us to understand our past? Black Spirituality / Religion - General Discussion, http://odinanilawsofnature.wordpress.com/2010/11/10/finding-god-in-nature/, http://tourismafricana.com/origin-history-ekpe-soceity.html. The island is believed to be named after a fisherman from Mbiabo known as Ene Ankot. There are different narratives on the arrival of the Efik at Creek Town. She said as a member of the Ekpe Society of the Efiks, she participates in the Ekpe activities. Dropping by to say, "Hi!" It is uncertain when Obutong was founded but most Efik scholars hypothesize that it was founded in the 16th century. Ekpe, also known as Mgbe/Egbo (Ekoi language: leopard; derived from the Ibibio term for the same), is a West African secret society in Nigeria and Cameroon flourishing chiefly among the Efiks. . The papers include photographs, audio and video recordings, publications, correspondence and printed material primarily relating to Miller's study of the linguistic, musical and ritual influence of West African kp society (predominantly in Nigeria and Cameroon) on . LEFT Omabe Eze sewing an ukara, Ezillo, southeastern Nigeria. Another account claimed that Efik people introduced the Ekpe between 1720 and 1729 during the initial migration of Calabar. The Neegee or Crocodile Society is considered evil by the Poro and Sande groups. The economics of the society is based on paying tribute to the village ancestors. In his well researched thesis titled "Ekpe Imperium in South Eastern Nigeria", Anwana (2002) identified a plenitude of evidences to validate the Ejagham/Ekoi origins of the Ekpe society. The earliest proponent of the Igbo origin was William Baikie who stated in his 1856 publication, "All the coast dialects from One to Old Kalabar, are, either directly or indirectly, connected with Igbo, which later Dr Latham informs me is certainly related to the Kafir class". The Ekpe-men are ranked in seven or nine grades, for promotion to each of which fresh initiation ceremonies, fees and oaths are necessary.[1]. Ekpe masquerade mimic the form of a lion or leopard moves. Over the years, the Victorian dress has been modified and given what is regarded as a dignified African look. One theory asserts that Ukpong Atai Atai Ema Atai, Adim Atai Atai Ema Atai and other co-founders founded Obutong after one of Eyo Ema's people was killed during a wrestling match with Ukpong Atai at Creek town. This is: After his "second birth", Waiyaki is brought to a sacred grove where: After the episode in the sacred grove, Waiyaki disappears from his home to: The two daughters of Joshua, Nyambura and Muthoni, have both been forbidden by their father to: Waiyaki tries to heal the conflict between the two ridges by: Waiyaki fails to achieve his goals because: The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith. Ikpa Ene was a virgin island on the banks of the Cross river. [66] Due to the volume of cultural exchange, many other ethnic groups have often been regarded as being one with the Efik such as Kiong and Efut. Ekpe could take life and could give it; it could condemn a whole town to a heavy fine and was promptly paid; it could punish offenders and could forgive; even kings and Obongs could never escape Ekpe laws and edicts.[69]. ekpe society cameroon. identity. [61] Due to the fall in global demand for slaves and several other factors, the kings and chiefs of Old Calabar wrote to the British requesting that they send teachers and missionaries to Old Calabar to establish industries and introduce the religion of the white man to them. When you see Ibibio do not give him fire(to warm himself), when he is dry he will kill you, Multiple Deaths at Ndodoghi creek, Ema Atai Ema Atai, Priest-king, lost his sight in death, Joshua Project Efik of Nigeria Ethnic People Profile, Souvenir Programme of the Coronation Service of His Royal Highness Edidem Boco Ene Mkpang Cobham V, Obong of Calabar and Paramount Ruler of the Efiks, Abridgement of the minutes of the evidence, "Souvenir programme of the Coronation of Edidem Boco Ene Mkpang Cobham V", "Cross river as a model for the evolution of Benue-Congo nominal class/concord systems", https://web.archive.org/web/20151222092842/http://sunnewsonline.com/new/pa-effiong-ukpong-aye-1918-2012/, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Efik_people&oldid=1131332439, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 January 2023, at 17:46. The doomsday cult is a sinister transnational cult that has paved its way from the west and Asian world into some African countries including Uganda and South Africa. [71] Meals such as Iwewe were fed to children and old people with no teeth or fragile teeth. [1] The trade-off is that the Amama often control the majority of the community wealth. Large amounts of pepper was also uncommon in Efik cuisines. As Sidney Kasfir has pointed to (in reference to the Ekpe society in southeastern Nigeria and adjoining Cameroon), material, performative, and ritual structures in masking are not fused together but can be used to different ends and can travel different paths ( Kasfir 2019: 15). Hood Quarterly, spring 2015 This exhibition examines the ukara cloth of the Ekpe secret society, a multi-ethnic all-male association in southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon, exploring both the longstanding cultural practice the cloth represents and the artistic process involved in its creation. Photo by Eli Bentor. (a) What are the Clowns trying to accomplish in this scene? As a child, Sunjata at first looks unpromising because: In one of the most dramatic episodes in the Sunjata Epic, Sunjata first begins to demonstrate his extraordinary abilities when he: avenges an insult to his mother by uprooting a tree and placing it in front of her house. Hugh, Goldie. Speaking at the ceremony, the head of Ekpe of Afap village, Seseku Daniel Laluh said with Prof Ayuk's commitment in the village, the Ekpe society thought it necessary to confer him the Seseku. The designs are part of a dynamic language known as nsibidi, which uses image and gestural performance to communicate knowledge guarded by society members. The traditional attire for men usually consists of a white long-sleeved shirt, a long broad soft neckerchief or scarf of costly material (Efik: kpmkpm) and a wrapper tied around the waist (Efik: Usobo).[83]. The Efik speak the Efik language which is a member of the BenueCongo subfamily of the Niger-Congo language group. That is why Sisiku Ojong Orock after consultation with the other Ekpe members and Sisiku Mfonten Mbu decided to acquire his own Nkanda Lodge in April 2003. [1] Ekpe members always wear masks when performing their police duties, and although individuals may nonetheless be recognized, fear of retribution from the ikan stops people from accusing those members who may overstep their limits. Aye and Eyo Okon Akak. Initiated into ekpe society at 9 as was done in those days and now not even a word is mentioned each time you talk about ekpe in manyu. The Ekpe is a secret society that lives mostly in Nigeria and whose members are typically law enforcers and politicians. Members are bound by oath of secrecy, and fees on entrance are payable. Cameroon's multilingual Cross River basin. In The River Between, Waiyaki's father, Chege, is: The new, white man's religion is represented by the: Early in the story, Waiyaki undergoes his "second birth". The area from which the Sunjata Epic comes was historically: the geographical location of the great medieval African kingdoms - Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. Social importance is attached to the highest ranks of Ekpe-men, called the Amama. The Efik (Calabar) caste structure of Ekpe . Oral tradition has it that the Efik arrived Uruan in four groups i.e. Corrections? Many believe this groups village at present day Deir el-Medina was the original location where freemasonry began. They are well respected agents of wealth distribution in the community. Some other clothings introduced into the market include smit, brutanya, isadh and nkisi. This theory asserts that the Efik migrated from Palestine or somewhere close to Palestine. Some of the oldest of these societies were Nyana Nyaku and Nsibidi. Living in what is now Southeast Nigeria and Southwest Cameroon, the people were physically divided by British and German colonial holdings in Africa. Efik populations are found in the following regions: Secret societies aided in the maintaining of law and order at Old Calabar. I Am Niki Buroro Agbor Ekpe Jerome a holder of a professional Masters in Forestry and wildlife Engineering with focus on Protected Area Management, Masters of Science in Forest Governance and policies from University of Dschang and Professional Masters in Environmental Science (ESIA) university of Yaounde 1. [12], The Efik were noted for their involvement in the slave trade were they acted as slave traders and middlemen between the inland slave traders and the Europeans. They give me thesum of $1,200,000 and many thing. Thanks for signing up for our daily insight on the African economy. The cult members are usually violent and self-destructive to the point of committing suicide. The Efik people are well known for a diverse number of cuisines. Cameroon-Nigeria Relations, 1884-1961: A Study in Political, Economic and Social Interactions Between Two Nigerian Neighbouring States. [67] Communities within the Calabar metropolis such as Efut, Kiong and Qua also speak and understand the Efik language. Sunjata's victory against Sumaworo comes in part because: Sumaworo loses the support of his nephew, Fakoli. Ekpe society was the first tribe to come up with this design and archaeologists have found traces of this fabric even in southwestern Cameroon. [50] Okoho Efiom bore twins whose paternal parentage have often been debated. and Dahomean towns, and among the tribes of Congo and the Cameroon.17 According to the same author, Ngbe, was another society influenced by the Ekoi and originally considered Egb [Ekp]. [9][38] The Adiabo group is believed to have left to their present location after the Mbiabo exodus. Nsibidi is a body of ideographic, abstract, and gestural signs deployed by the Ekpe society as a form of coded communication. [32] Aye argues that the Efik could not have taken the royal emblem of the Uruan people as they would have already had their own royal emblem. In modern-day Efik society, nyny is worn on various occasions such as weddings and traditional events. the exhibition explores the long- Sisiku Ojong-Orock was born on Saturday October 2nd, 1948 in Ogomoko Village,Eyumojock Sub-Division, Manyu Division in the Republic of Cameroon, West Africa. [12] Due to the support of the missionaries, the Efik language became the language of religion.
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