/F4 24 0 R It is an important concept in social cognition theory and . [16] [17] [18] Heuristics can be defined as the "judgmental shortcuts that generally get us where we need to goand quicklybut at the cost of occasionally sending us off course. others. I use WIKI 2 every day and almost forgot how the original Wikipedia looks like. Sandrine . Schemas can be useful because they allow us to take shortcuts when interpret Schemas are mental structures people use to organize knowledge about the social world around themes or subjects. Transcribed image text: Question 33 (Mandatory) (1 point) The perspective that our needs, values, or goals at a given time impact our categorization of other people is known as the view. Describe Anchoring & Adjustment Heuristic: audio not yet available for this language, NAIVE SCIENTIST: people use rational scientific-like cause-effectanalyses to understand the world, COGNITIVE MISER: people use the least complex & demandingcognitions that are able to produce generally adaptivebehaviours, IMPRESSION FORMATION: the way in which we developperceptions of a person, Personality Recency: information presented later has more impact thanearlier information, Self schema: individualised knowledge structures about the self, {"cdnAssetsUrl":"","site_dot_caption":"Cram.com","premium_user":false,"premium_set":true,"payreferer":"clone_set","payreferer_set_title":"Week 3 Social Psychology","payreferer_url":"\/flashcards\/copy\/week-3-social-psychology-7549740","isGuest":true,"ga_id":"UA-272909-1","facebook":{"clientId":"363499237066029","version":"v12.0","language":"en_US"}}. -Characteristics of the messenger: attractive, credible, similar to oneself. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /ExtGState << /CS /DeviceRGB 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R] They argue that people start the process of impression formation by /F1 21 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] students and group work, are you assertive? /CS /DeviceRGB What is the "foot-in-the-door" technique? >> naive scientist cognitive miser motivated tactician Consistency seeker we want consistency between prior beliefs about the world and our interpretations of new situations Naive scientist individuals gather relevant information un-selectively and construct social reality in an unbiased way Cognitive miser /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] But the problem remains that although these shortcuts could not compare to effortful thoughts in accuracy, people should have a certain parameter to help them adopt one of the most adequate shortcuts. >> In what ways can economic and political competition affect prejudice and discrimination? They would rather rely on heuristics and shortcuts to make decisions. /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /F4 24 0 R /FirstChar 32 According to this theory, people employ either shortcuts or thoughtful analysis based upon the context and salience of a particular issue. /Author (Fiske) [11] Through the study of causal attributions, led by HaroldKelley and BernardWeiner amongst others, social psychologists began to observe that subjects regularly demonstrate several attributional biases including but not limited to the fundamentalattributionerror. -Cockroach study: the cockroaches completed an easier maze faster when there were other cockroaches present and they went faster in the hard maze when they were not being watched by other cockroaches [37] These two cognitive processing systems are not separate and can have interactions with each other. 15 0 obj But the problem remains that although these shortcuts could not compare to effortful thoughts in accuracy, people should have a certain parameter to help them adopt one of the most adequate shortcuts. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] -Threat of isolation: can lead us to behave in self-destructive ways and even impair, -Tendency of group discussion to strengthen the dominant positions held by group members. The cognitive miser theory is an umbrella theory of cognition that brings together previous research on heuristics and attributional biases to explain how and why people are cognitive misers. /Tabs /S [22] However, as Lau and Redlawsk note, acting as cognitive miser who employs heuristics can have very different results for high-information and low-informationvoters. endobj 8 [240 0 R 241 0 R 242 0 R 243 0 R 244 0 R 245 0 R 246 0 R 247 0 R 248 0 R 249 0 R /ExtGState << Dual process theory proposes that there are two types of cognitive processes in human mind. /StructParents 1 Further, people spend less cognitive effort in buying toothpaste than they do when picking a new car, and that difference in information-seeking is largely a function of the costs.[30]. category based and other attribute based, on this continuum people can be perceived /ExtGState << /F3 23 0 R where ttt is the time in seconds since the ball was thrown. Rather than using an in-depth understanding of scientific topics, people make decisions based on other shortcuts or heuristics such as ideological predistortions or cues from mass media, and therefore use only as much information as necessary. /BaseFont /Arial -Out group: (them) [37] In Fiske's subsequent research, the omission of the role of intent in the metaphor of cognitive miser is recognized. /DescendantFonts [366 0 R] -People are less likely to conform when at least one person states the correct answer. 159 0 R 160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R 163 0 R 164 0 R 165 0 R] -Americans had no problems with the original tst, easterners struggled until the second test when there was a group setting. >> as. /Subject (Social Cognition From Brains to Culture 2nd Edition Fiske Test BankInstant Download) Later models suggest that the cognitive miser and the nave scientist create two poles of social cognition that are too monolithic. 134 0 R 135 0 R 136 0 R 137 0 R 138 0 R] /ToUnicode 367 0 R /Font << << >> /Subtype /TrueType /LastChar 239 /Name /F2 111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R] 18 . 13 0 obj /Marked true /S /Part The cognitive miser is someone who is reluctant to think deeply about things. As cognitive simplification, it is useful for realistic economic management, otherwise people will be overwhelmed by the complexity of the real rationales. come up with 6 examples - YES come up with 12 examples- NO, try to adjust for anchor but never adjust enough, testing hypothesis by seeking out the cases that match the hypothesis. -Social comparison: idea that we learn about our own abilities and attitudes by comparing ourselves to other people [7], Before Fiske and Taylor's cognitive miser theory, the predominant model of social cognition was the nave scientist. 22 0 obj >> endobj /Type /Group By James M. Olson, Mark P. Zanna, C. Peter Herman. 9 [262 0 R 263 0 R 264 0 R 265 0 R 266 0 R 267 0 R 268 0 R 269 0 R 270 0 R 271 0 R What is social loafing? -Reduced hostility by engaging both groups in activities together, require them to accomplish certain goals. instead, they are strategic in their allocation of cognitive resources, deciding whether to b a cognitive miser or a naive scientist depending on the situation: Term. Samuel Popkin argues that voters make rational choices by using information shortcuts that they receive during campaigns, usually using something akin to a drunkard's search. De Neys . /CS /DeviceRGB -Tied to these beliefs 0 0 0 0 0 0 278 0 500 500 /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding Versailles Co., a womens clothing store, purchased $18,000\$18,000$18,000 of merchandise from a supplier on account, terms FOB destination, 2/102/102/10, n/30\text{n}/30n/30. This article describes an anomalous social space within the field of homelessness in San Francisco, that of "pro" recyclers, homeless men who spend much of their time collecting recyclables for redemption. /CS /DeviceRGB /Resources << /Tabs /S /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 2 0 R /ca 1 >> /F6 26 0 R /Type /Group -O6'3:gLM./HP7f_Pm.Td]o>/pv/%]*+x/v]s&huL?tF&|A{>[#ncBq7_ \* gUF g53sV{jwL~*Q?L"\Nc7S;Jv_TO#,$=wa)3bpmn0`n^m9s;'g0lOwPO qu?tv,. Before this, human thinking was. How did the Robber's Cave researchers reduce inter-group hostility? things that change one's thinking (cognitive miser vs naive scientist) . /StructParents 0 can use quick, automatic heuristics without deliberating in some contexts & controlled, effortful thinking with carefuldeliberation in others, SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE Explores the neurologicalunderpinnings of processestraditionally examined by socialpsychology, use of fMRI to study brainphenomena, e.g. -Simple tasks: surrounded by people during a simple task makes us perform better It spans a topic. /GS8 28 0 R This kind of categorical thinking give meaning to social stimuli under adverse or difficult processing conditions.[40]. >> >> [5][page needed] CallUrl('en>wikipedia>org
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