naive scientist vs cognitive miserwhat happened to michael hess sister mary

/F4 24 0 R It is an important concept in social cognition theory and . [16] [17] [18] Heuristics can be defined as the "judgmental shortcuts that generally get us where we need to goand quicklybut at the cost of occasionally sending us off course. others. I use WIKI 2 every day and almost forgot how the original Wikipedia looks like. Sandrine . Schemas can be useful because they allow us to take shortcuts when interpret Schemas are mental structures people use to organize knowledge about the social world around themes or subjects. Transcribed image text: Question 33 (Mandatory) (1 point) The perspective that our needs, values, or goals at a given time impact our categorization of other people is known as the view. Describe Anchoring & Adjustment Heuristic: audio not yet available for this language, NAIVE SCIENTIST: people use rational scientific-like cause-effectanalyses to understand the world, COGNITIVE MISER: people use the least complex & demandingcognitions that are able to produce generally adaptivebehaviours, IMPRESSION FORMATION: the way in which we developperceptions of a person, Personality Recency: information presented later has more impact thanearlier information, Self schema: individualised knowledge structures about the self, {"cdnAssetsUrl":"","site_dot_caption":"Cram.com","premium_user":false,"premium_set":true,"payreferer":"clone_set","payreferer_set_title":"Week 3 Social Psychology","payreferer_url":"\/flashcards\/copy\/week-3-social-psychology-7549740","isGuest":true,"ga_id":"UA-272909-1","facebook":{"clientId":"363499237066029","version":"v12.0","language":"en_US"}}. -Characteristics of the messenger: attractive, credible, similar to oneself. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /ExtGState << /CS /DeviceRGB 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R] They argue that people start the process of impression formation by /F1 21 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] students and group work, are you assertive? /CS /DeviceRGB What is the "foot-in-the-door" technique? >> naive scientist cognitive miser motivated tactician Consistency seeker we want consistency between prior beliefs about the world and our interpretations of new situations Naive scientist individuals gather relevant information un-selectively and construct social reality in an unbiased way Cognitive miser /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] But the problem remains that although these shortcuts could not compare to effortful thoughts in accuracy, people should have a certain parameter to help them adopt one of the most adequate shortcuts. >> In what ways can economic and political competition affect prejudice and discrimination? They would rather rely on heuristics and shortcuts to make decisions. /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /F4 24 0 R /FirstChar 32 According to this theory, people employ either shortcuts or thoughtful analysis based upon the context and salience of a particular issue. /Author (Fiske) [11] Through the study of causal attributions, led by HaroldKelley and BernardWeiner amongst others, social psychologists began to observe that subjects regularly demonstrate several attributional biases including but not limited to the fundamentalattributionerror. -Cockroach study: the cockroaches completed an easier maze faster when there were other cockroaches present and they went faster in the hard maze when they were not being watched by other cockroaches [37] These two cognitive processing systems are not separate and can have interactions with each other. 15 0 obj But the problem remains that although these shortcuts could not compare to effortful thoughts in accuracy, people should have a certain parameter to help them adopt one of the most adequate shortcuts. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] -Threat of isolation: can lead us to behave in self-destructive ways and even impair, -Tendency of group discussion to strengthen the dominant positions held by group members. The cognitive miser theory is an umbrella theory of cognition that brings together previous research on heuristics and attributional biases to explain how and why people are cognitive misers. /Tabs /S [22] However, as Lau and Redlawsk note, acting as cognitive miser who employs heuristics can have very different results for high-information and low-informationvoters. endobj 8 [240 0 R 241 0 R 242 0 R 243 0 R 244 0 R 245 0 R 246 0 R 247 0 R 248 0 R 249 0 R /ExtGState << Dual process theory proposes that there are two types of cognitive processes in human mind. /StructParents 1 Further, people spend less cognitive effort in buying toothpaste than they do when picking a new car, and that difference in information-seeking is largely a function of the costs.[30]. category based and other attribute based, on this continuum people can be perceived /ExtGState << /F3 23 0 R where ttt is the time in seconds since the ball was thrown. Rather than using an in-depth understanding of scientific topics, people make decisions based on other shortcuts or heuristics such as ideological predistortions or cues from mass media, and therefore use only as much information as necessary. /BaseFont /Arial -Out group: (them) [37] In Fiske's subsequent research, the omission of the role of intent in the metaphor of cognitive miser is recognized. /DescendantFonts [366 0 R] -People are less likely to conform when at least one person states the correct answer. 159 0 R 160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R 163 0 R 164 0 R 165 0 R] -Americans had no problems with the original tst, easterners struggled until the second test when there was a group setting. >> as. /Subject (Social Cognition From Brains to Culture 2nd Edition Fiske Test BankInstant Download) Later models suggest that the cognitive miser and the nave scientist create two poles of social cognition that are too monolithic. 134 0 R 135 0 R 136 0 R 137 0 R 138 0 R] /ToUnicode 367 0 R /Font << << >> /Subtype /TrueType /LastChar 239 /Name /F2 111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R] 18 . 13 0 obj /Marked true /S /Part The cognitive miser is someone who is reluctant to think deeply about things. As cognitive simplification, it is useful for realistic economic management, otherwise people will be overwhelmed by the complexity of the real rationales. come up with 6 examples - YES come up with 12 examples- NO, try to adjust for anchor but never adjust enough, testing hypothesis by seeking out the cases that match the hypothesis. -Social comparison: idea that we learn about our own abilities and attitudes by comparing ourselves to other people [7], Before Fiske and Taylor's cognitive miser theory, the predominant model of social cognition was the nave scientist. 22 0 obj >> endobj /Type /Group By James M. Olson, Mark P. Zanna, C. Peter Herman. 9 [262 0 R 263 0 R 264 0 R 265 0 R 266 0 R 267 0 R 268 0 R 269 0 R 270 0 R 271 0 R What is social loafing? -Reduced hostility by engaging both groups in activities together, require them to accomplish certain goals. instead, they are strategic in their allocation of cognitive resources, deciding whether to b a cognitive miser or a naive scientist depending on the situation: Term. Samuel Popkin argues that voters make rational choices by using information shortcuts that they receive during campaigns, usually using something akin to a drunkard's search. De Neys . /CS /DeviceRGB -Tied to these beliefs 0 0 0 0 0 0 278 0 500 500 /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding Versailles Co., a womens clothing store, purchased $18,000\$18,000$18,000 of merchandise from a supplier on account, terms FOB destination, 2/102/102/10, n/30\text{n}/30n/30. This article describes an anomalous social space within the field of homelessness in San Francisco, that of "pro" recyclers, homeless men who spend much of their time collecting recyclables for redemption. /CS /DeviceRGB /Resources << /Tabs /S /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 2 0 R /ca 1 >> /F6 26 0 R /Type /Group -O6'3:gLM./HP7f_Pm.Td]o>/pv/%]*+x/v]s&huL?tF&|A{>[#ncBq7_ \* gUF g53sV{jwL~*Q?L"\Nc7S;Jv_TO#,$=wa)3bpmn0`n^m9s;'g0lOwPO qu?tv,. Before this, human thinking was. How did the Robber's Cave researchers reduce inter-group hostility? things that change one's thinking (cognitive miser vs naive scientist) . /StructParents 0 can use quick, automatic heuristics without deliberating in some contexts & controlled, effortful thinking with carefuldeliberation in others, SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE Explores the neurologicalunderpinnings of processestraditionally examined by socialpsychology, use of fMRI to study brainphenomena, e.g. -Simple tasks: surrounded by people during a simple task makes us perform better It spans a topic. /GS8 28 0 R This kind of categorical thinking give meaning to social stimuli under adverse or difficult processing conditions.[40]. >> >> [5][page needed] CallUrl('en>wikipedia>org> What does meta-analysis discover about cultural differences in conformity and aggression. 7 [218 0 R 219 0 R 220 0 R 221 0 R 222 0 R 223 0 R 224 0 R 225 0 R 226 0 R 227 0 R For example, people tend to make correspondent reasoning and are likely to believe that behaviors should be correlated to or representative of stable characteristics. endobj Keith Stanovich . ->Eastern: connectedness, harmony, commonality, holistic thinking, duties and obligations. In psychology, the human mind is considered to be a cognitive miser due to the tendency of humans to think and solve problems in simpler and less effortful ways rather than in more sophisticated and effortful ways, regardless of intelligence. This kind of categorical thinking give meaning to social stimuli under adverse or difficult processing conditions.[41]. What is an attribution? [21] Unless the cognitive environment meets certain requirements, we will try to avoid thinking as much as possible. /Tabs /S << 3 0 obj Fugelsang . miser 2) cognitive load = heuristics don't require much thought, can be made on 'availability' eg. A brief example provided by Kahneman is that when we try not to stare at the oddly dressed couple at the neighboring table in a restaurant, our automatic reaction (System 1) makes us stare at them, but conflicts emerge as System 2 tries to control this behavior. The cognitive miser theory thus has implications for persuading the public: attitude formation is a competition between people's value systems and prepositions (or their own interpretive schemata) on a certain issue, and how public discourses frame it. /GS8 28 0 R 214 0 R 215 0 R 216 0 R 217 0 R] This switch in processing between the two can be termed, A2 Psychology Concepts and studies and advanced psychology. How can group work be designed to enhance performance and minimize social loafing? 23 0 obj Sie suchen nach einem 70413 lego, das Ihren Ansprchen gerecht wird? /StructParents 10 /Type /Group Popkin's analysis is based on one main premise: voters use low information rationality gained in their daily lives, through the media and through personal interactions, to evaluate candidates and facilitate electoral choices. /Parent 2 0 R Contents. The brain in your pocket: evidence that smartphones are used to supplant thinking . What variables influence whether or not people conform? Add to folder /Footnote /Note Suppose that the marginal cost of mining diamonds is constant at $1,000 per diamond, and the demand for diamonds is described by the following schedule: PriceQuantity$8,0005,000diamonds7,0006,0006,0007,0005,0008,0004,0009,0003,00010,0002,00011,0001,00012,000\begin{array}{rl} /F2 22 0 R New York . Stereotypes are formed from the outside sources which identified with people's own interests and can be reinforced since people could be impressed by those facts that fit their philosophy. endobj 4,000 & 9,000 \\ 303 0 R 304 0 R 305 0 R 306 0 R 307 0 R 308 0 R 309 0 R 310 0 R 311 0 R 312 0 R How do we use positive test strategy to test hypotheses? ", -Kurt Lewin: influences - fascism / final solution and gestalt principle (things are assigned by humans). /F1 21 0 R Congratulations on this excellent venture what a great idea! Describe the findings of Zajonc's cockroach study and the playing pool study. by Emma2201, /F1 21 0 R 333 500 500 278 278 500 278 778 500 500 affects the amount of effort we invest searching for information to test hypothesis, Lifespan and Development Chapters 1-8 Midterm, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson. /F1 21 0 R What characteristics of the messenger increase persuasiveness? 176 0 R 177 0 R 178 0 R 179 0 R 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R Introduce and define the consistency seeker, nave scientist, and the cognitive miser philosophical anthropologies. We weren't able to detect the audio language on your flashcards. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Type /Font Voters use small amounts of personal information to construct a narrative about candidates. [10][pageneeded] Thus, attribution theory emerged from the study of the ways in which individuals assess causal relationships and mechanisms. In psychology, the human mind is considered to be a cognitive miser due to the tendency of humans to think and solveproblems in simpler and less effortful ways rather than in more sophisticated and effortful ways, regardless of intelligence. Everything you always wanted to know. Voting behavior in democracies are an arena in which the cognitive miser is at work. 333 0 R 334 0 R 335 0 R 336 0 R 337 0 R 338 0 R 339 0 R 340 0 R 341 0 R 342 0 R /BM /Normal >> /Resources << a. What is the best treatment for groupthink? >> 16 0 obj endobj /Contents 36 0 R >> -Those with analytical thinking were more likely to focus on attributions of the individual person and vice versa. endobj /ParentTreeNextKey 13 -How humans think and behave like they do, Briefly describe the history of this area of psychology. Acting as a cognitive miser should lead those with expertise in an area to more efficient informationprocessing and streamlined decision making. >> /Parent 2 0 R /Type /StructElem >> Activated actor c. Cognitive miser d. Motivated tactician 11. /StructParents 11 How does a "flawed scientist" reason? /Type /Font [2][20] Given the limited information processing capabilities of individuals, people are always trying to adopt strategies that simplify complex problems. Categories are in some way ultimate heuristics, they can be In democracies, where no vote is weighted more or less because of the expertise behind its casting, low-information voters, acting as cognitive misers, can have broad and potentially deleterious choices for a society. 4 [139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R 142 0 R 143 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R The cognitive miser and focal bias . "[22] In democracies, where no vote is weighted more or less because of the expertise behind its casting, low-information voters, acting as cognitive misers, can have broad and potentially deleterious choices for a society. /S /Transparency The Nave Scientist Attribution theory Making Attributions Attributional Biases The Cognitive Miser Heuristics The Motivated Tactician Social Categorization Basic Principles Why Do We Categorize? -Pluralistic ignorance: error of assuming that no one in a group perceives things as we do >> /Font << /Parent 2 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] -Diffusion of responsibility: reduction in feelings of personal responsibility in the presence of others. >> -Cognitive component: stereotypes continued demands and government responses are therefore unfair, racism is wrong, my beliefs are not racist they are based on facts The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple. << [36] These two cognitive processing systems are not separate and can have interactions with each other. /Type /Page Describe his findings. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 What kinds of errors occur when we don't process all relevant information? Psychology concepts and studies for a level work, contains everything you will need to know for the exam or if you are doing a btech course pick up the key points and add your own examples, feel free to use this on whatever you need, best used for revision and advanced psychology work at university level, The availability heuristic is responsible for a bias known /ExtGState << /RoleMap 18 0 R /Artifact /Sect "[19] In their work, Kahneman and Tversky demonstrated that people rely upon different types of heuristics or mental short cuts in order to save time and mental energy. What percentage of participants administered at least some shocks? 7 0 obj Nave Scientist: need to form a coherent view of the world &to gain control over the environmentAttributions: need to attribute causes to effects and to create a meaningful, stable world where things makesense, clear, definable, predictable. -Social contagion: imitative behavior involving the spread of behavior, emotions, and ideas. /S /Transparency /K [52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 353 0 R 354 0 R 355 0 R 356 0 R 357 0 R >> /Resources << /Producer 23417270. free . [18] However, in relying upon heuristics instead of detailed analysis, like the information processing employed by Heider's nave scientist, biased information processing is more likely to occur. 10 0 obj Distinguish between a durable consumer good and a nondurable consumer good. Who is Kurt Lewin & what is "Action Research? 238 0 R 239 0 R] /S /Transparency Naive scientist Heider (1958a) argued that ordinary people are scientific, rational thinkers who make causal attribution s using similar processes to those of scientists.

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