Otherwise, this movie would take its extra dimension of effect only from imaginary soap-opera traits being shown in the lives of people too poor to feed themselves. [19] She also displays more "typical" human emotions when in extreme stress. The Verdict in the Story She wants to, one of the group, one who will not turn on their illegal life style, as one of them, as blood. She lacks this certainty of belonging to the community at the level where she is a lacking subject, an, which Miller equates with being (9). Murdaugh then allegedly stole around $4m in a wrongful death settlement from her sons. Murdaugh is now also facing around 100 charges over the multi-million-dollar fraud scheme and roadside shooting cases. However, at this point in the movie, it is unlikely that Teardrop knows that Jessup has been killed, and so he assumes that he is hiding, either from the law if he changed his mind about snitching or from Thump's gangeither way, for his life. The family reunite in the Season 8 premiere and, by the second episode, Bones and Christine have returned home. In season 8, "The Tiger in the Tale", Booth mentions to Sweets that Dr. Brennan once took peyote with Native Americans. The weapons charges carry a five year sentence, which can be served concurrently with the murder charges. It is said that she "hides" herself behind a front of hyper-rationalism and she always keeps people at arms' length, except for those closest to her - namely Booth and Angela, but she does become more comfortable confiding in others, including Sweets, Hodgins, Cam, and her father. Jacques Lacan & the Logic of Structure: Lacanian Structures and Language in Psychoanalysis. Another theory is that the rest of Jessup's bail was put up by a legal official as part of the deal he made. She was shot five times including twice in the head after she had fallen to her knees. The only surviving son of Alex and Maggie also testified in his fathers defence that he had been destroyed and heartbroken in the aftermath of the deaths of his mother and brother. At the same time, she embodies the discordential logic in play in sexuation, a logic which places the feminine on the side of the real and within the contradictory logic of having one foot in the symbolic sphere (, x) and the other in the feminine (x). TV Couples | Photo 6 of 30", "Boreanaz says 'Bones' is not procedural", "How TV shows try (or choose not) to depict Asperger's syndrome", "Bones: Episode 4.2 "The Man in the Outhouse" Recap", "Girls Just Wanna Be Smart? Re-spect itself means to look again, to take a second view. This is my view of the role played by the women. But I interpret it otherwise. However, Lacan finds a logic, not a myth, there. 3The real, in Lacans terms, is that which is impossible to conceive and, often, impossible-to-bear.1 The Lacanian real is a realm no other theory explored before him. Dr. Temperance "Bones" Brennan, Ph.D. (born Joy Keenan) is a fictional character portrayed by Emily Deschanel in the American Fox television series Bones.An anthropologist, forensic anthropologist, and kinesiologist, she is described in the series as a leading authority in the field of forensic anthropology.Brennan first appeared on television, along with other series characters, in the "Pilot . 5 This right makes no sense in Capitalist America where the right to domain does not exist. Freud, Sigmund. Brennan is also a trained amateur highwire performer,[28] and speaks at least seven other languages, including Spanish,[29] French,[5] Latin,[30] Chinese,[31] Pashto[32] Japanese (albeit limited to a conversational vocabulary),[33] Norwegian (although she says only "skull" and avers that, as a forensic anthropologist, this is a word she knows "in just about every language"),[14] Farsi, Yiddish,[34] and German. He. The one who chooses the feminine side for identity male or female lives just beyond the realm of the necessary in a given symbolic realm which allows them a paradoxical freedom from the rigorous rules that constitute the masculine. The speaking being must come up with a subjective answer to the desire of the other. Probably the first clue is when Megan (Casey MacLaren) accidentally says that she knew Jessup, using the past tense. What does s/he want? During their brief separation in season 10 due to the relapse of his gambling addiction she also refused to badmouth him in front of her colleagues or Aubrey. We do not speak in order to say nothing Lacan claims in. In other words, her whole family lives as criminals, bound to each other outside the law, on the side of the beyond the social that one can call the real. Standardisation and Variation in English Language(s) / 2. Print. The plain women on the jury hate you. , Ree embodies this paradoxical logic of freedom in her refusal to submit to the injunctions of the male order based on the exceptional Big Man. Read all Director Jeannot Szwarc Writers Hart Hanson She even tells the women who beat her that they can kill her if they want, but she will not relinquish her search for her father. He was a 19-year-old kid, caught by a system designed to catch him. Rees commitment to her family is honorable and as strong as iron. His oldest son, Buster Murdaugh, sat silently behind his father for weeks as dozens of witnesses gave their . People probably feel sorry for the situation Ree and her siblings are in, despite Jessup's personal "dishonor", and are blaming the Milton gang. ---. Freud argues that the brothers felt guilty and, thus, constructed the social law of sharing; only by feeling guilt over murdering the father is social law born, Freud will argue. [28] Whilst demonstrating to Booth her fluency in German, she unwittingly converses with him in that language for a few seconds before checking herself. This act, the giving of the money that will reward, rather than punish her perseverance, can only have been carried out by the mysterious Big Man, the one who remains the silent power behind the film, the one whose unlawful laws the mountain women follow. I argue this point in Approaching the Real of the Borromean Knot by a Knotting of the Impossible Real to the Impossible-to-Bear., This right makes no sense in Capitalist America where the right to domain does not exist. Rees commitment to her family is honorable and as strong as iron. As a young boy, Rip walked in on his stepdad murdering his mother. In episode 22 of season 6, "The Hole in the Heart", which saw the death of Vincent Nigel-Murray (Brennan's favorite intern) at the hands of renegade sniper Jacob Broadsky, Booth has Brennan stay at his apartment for her safety. question, rather than on the side of the answer which seeks to avoid conflict. And this function applies to teachings as diverse as Platos idea that when seeking the perfect form, one will always stumble before the reality of perfection itself. After he left home, Russ committed various misdemeanors and felonies, and worked as a mechanic in North Carolina. Character migration in Anglophone Literature , 1. Below the bar of the conscious realm, she identifies with the surplus value of, the knowledge that truth or getting what one wants rules the activities and behavior of individuals and produces the unconscious knowledge (S, is the prime mover in human (mis)communications (, ). The book then jumps to May. Why does Blond try to mislead Ree by showing her the burnt house and claiming Jessup died there? Print. Ragland, Jacques Lacan & the Logic of Structure. Moreover, she only speaks to the Big Man after she has been badly beaten up by the powerful women in the community. He temporarily works at the Jeffersonian as a guide for children visiting the place and demonstrates his brilliant talent as a former science teacher. She began to acknowledge her lack of sensitivity after Booth told her outright that she was "bad with people" in "A Boy in a Tree". [3] Her relationship with Seeley Booth was listed in Entertainment Weekly's "30 Best 'Will They/Won't They?' them how to shoot, how to survive on nothing. In the end, after her encounter with the dead father, the Big Man, who is the power behind the clan, comes to respect her. Initially Brennan was mostly dismissive of Booth due to their opposing worldviews and work styles which is a source of friction and banter between them. It was his contention that, whatever Jessup was doing, it was his own business. The disgraced lawyer was found guilty in the 2021 murders of his wife and youngest son. When she finally does, to the Big Man at a country dance, she says to him that she has two children that need to be raised and that she will not give Sonny away to the couple who have asked for him and a sick mother to take care of. Ed. Jacques-Alain Miller on Jacques Lacan. Le sminaire, livre VI (1958-1959): Le dsir et son interprtation. This scene is juxtaposed to images of the Missouri Guard shown practicing military moves, along with depictions of farm scenes. The women, in other words, are carrying out the Fathers Desire, realizing for them their fantasy that the Ree problem just disappear. In season 5, in "The Death of the Queen Bee", when asked if she'd had a pet rat, Brennan discloses that she, in fact, had a pet mouse, snake, and some spiders. Russ gave Angela information that allowed the team to arrest Ruth's killer. Blond is Jessup's cousin but also is related to Thump Milton (Ronnie Hall), the leader of the gang that presumably killed Jessup,. It is the realm of trauma and radical, . There are many imaginary fathers who determine the outcome of a conflict. He sees that the son has never before encountered death. Lcriture qui voyage , Lordre des mots dans lespace de la phrase, Kay Boyle / Rachel Cusk: (Neo)Modernist Voices, De la dmocratie au Royaume-Uni : perspectives contemporaines, Revolving Commitments in France and Britain, 1929-1955, The Reception of Henry James in Text and Image, La Rpublique et l'ide rpublicaine en Grande Bretagne, Consignes aux guest editors / rdacteurs invits, A digital resources portal for the humanities and social sciences, The Real, the Father, and the Law of the Cultural Other, From the Ur-Father to the Fathers Desire, http://journals.openedition.org/erea/docannexe/image/4041/img-1.png, http://journals.openedition.org/erea/docannexe/image/4041/img-2.png, http://journals.openedition.org/erea/docannexe/image/4041/img-3.png, Catalogue of 609 journals. "I've been in Guatemala for two months, identifying victims of genocide."[8]. De la recherche fondamentale la transmission de la recherche. He is also responsible for her nickname, "Bones", which she initially detested.[5]. Ragland, Lacans Theory of Sublimation: A New Look at Sophocles. 1:32. However, he also admitted to stealing millions of dollars from his law firm and to orchestrating a bizarre botched hitman plot three months after the murders. Granik, Debra. My view is that it has more to do with Rees seeing herself as the actual mother who spends a lot of time teaching her brother and sister spelling and math, as well as everyday survival skills. Sylvana Tomaselli, Trans. The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psycho-Analysis. Good Bones star Mina Starsiak's brother, Tad Starsiak, is a favorite among fans of the show, but many may not know much about the tattooed home revitalization specialist. Rees drives may be seen as tied to the oral drive, the one that seeks nurture and safety, and the scopic drive which seeks to position a subject in a certain way within the gaze of the Other. 11 Lacanian analysts tend to find it easier to work with hysterical patients than others because they live so close to what Jacques-Alain Miller calls the unconscious real. Brennan works with a group of other well-qualified colleagues, including the entomologist Jack Hodgins, her boss and forensic pathologist Camille Saroyan, forensic artist Angela Montenegro, and a host of eager graduate students. Fortunately, some of the women bring her food. Speech, in other words, is that which establishes the identities we have that are determined from before birth by what is said about us and from the start of life from what our immediate others (ideal egos) and the Other (the social realm) say about us. La sduction du discours / 2. In the last scene of the season 6 finale, "The Change in the Game", after the birth of Angela and Hodgins' son, Brennan tells Booth that she is pregnant and that he is the father. And what Miller makes of this is that the first real encounter with the death of an intimate produces a mortal shock a major castration. Bruce Fink, Heloise Fink, and Russell Grigg. ---. She has held an NEH Grant, a Humanities Fellowship at the University of Illinois and has received other honors, including the Missouri Gold Chalk award for excellence in teaching. At the same time, her older brother was bearing the brunt of their father's alcoholism. Her thinking becomes less rigid in later seasons, something which is observed by Dr. Gordon Wyatt, who notes that she is now able to distinguish the difference between accuracy and truth. At the end of the episode he proposes and she happily accepts; unknown to them, Caroline, Angela and Hodgins witnessed it via the security cameras. Print. Freud argues that the brothers felt guilty and, thus, constructed the social law of sharing; only by feeling guilt over murdering the father is social law born, Freud will argue. Some time after the delivery, Temperance and Seeley both go back to their home where they celebrate with their friends from the Jeffersonian, who brought dinners that would last a few nights as well as a few baby supplies. However it was clear in the following episode that he still has feelings for Brennan. After carrying out the attack, they believe he changed out of his bloody clothing with jurors seeing a Snapchat video taken by Paul showing Murdaugh in one outfit just one hour before the killings. That perspective would make the film into some kind of melodrama or cynical commentary on poor people. Ree's meddling could flush him out of hiding and get him killed, so he wanted to scare her into keeping her mouth shut. numerous versions of the signifier for the phallic function that is, the functions that control a person or a group as Jacques-Alain Miller has shown. why is bones dad and brother in jail Tate, 16, is in custody in connection with the shooting death of 17-year-old Javon Brown in Baton Rouge. It's different. Brennan has had a number of relatively short relationships, including an ill-fated date with a man who turned out to be a murderer[43] and the re-kindling of a romance with her former thesis supervisor. ---. [35] She has also admitted to knowing a bit of Russian. 22, 2011. Booth suggests that they should have their own place, whereas Brennan wants Booth to move into her apartment. It may be supposed that Rees own mother did a good job in the early years of raising her children because none of them manifests incapabilities or emotional problems. Introduction. Three days after the murders, a hearing was also slated to take place in a lawsuit over a fatal boat crash. Blood becomes a master signifier an S1 or in other words, a major theme throughout the movie, even in a confrontation with the Law where it turns out that the Sheriff is kin to the Dolly clan, but he has gone legitimate. Print. Earlier when she tried to speak to him at his home, he told his wife that, and he does not want any of those. Since entering a relationship with and marrying Booth and then having children, the character has undergone development personally and is shown to be a caring wife and protective mother. Ltre et lUn. Silet: Lorientation lacanienne, 2010-2011. 3 Jacques-Alain Miller on Jacques Lacan, Le sminaire VI (1958-1959): Le dsir et son interprtation; cf. Edit, Ree gradually realizes that Jessup is dead from many clues. 0:00. There are also numerous versions of the signifier for the phallic function that is, the functions that control a person or a group as Jacques-Alain Miller has shown. Sully asked Dr. Brennan out on a date after their case was completed, and they began a relationship. Cf. Brennan once commented to Dr. Gordon Wyatt (Stephen Fry) that she "[couldn't] think of anything [she] wouldn't do to help Booth. The death drive is involved insofar as an actual death is involved: is, indeed, the centerpiece around which the film moves towards its gothic conclusion in a pond, and a potential death insofar as the community risks its own dismantling and death if Ree tells the Law that her kinfolk have committed murder. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2006. Ree Dolly confronts and battles the real in every aspect of her life. While in his coma, Brennan reads to him from her new novel, and he has an elaborate dream in which Brennan is his wife and that she is pregnant, and that the staff at the Jeffersonian play the characters in the novel. External Reviews Taken back to county jail, Russ was reunited with his father. This leads them to driving to an inn close to the prison. A police officer arrives to tell Norman that Paul is dead. Revue lectronique dtudes sur le monde anglophone. They just want Ree to be quiet. In the Season 10 episode, "The Eye in the Sky", Brennan learns that she is pregnant with her and Booth's second child. Rees problem regarding losing her home is solved by the mountain women who take her in a boat into the middle of a pond where they find her fathers bones, allowing Ree to prove her fathers death and keep her home. Murdaugh continued with the family tradition working in the local prosecutors office and also at the law firm PMPED, which was founded by his grandfather. In the season 3 episode, "Mummy in the Maze", it is revealed that Brennan's favorite superhero is Wonder Woman, and that she always goes as Wonder Woman to the Jeffersonian's Halloween party. [4], Temperance "Bones" Brennan is a forensic anthropologist who works in the Medico-Legal lab at the Jeffersonian Institute in Washington, D.C. She received her bachelor's degree and Ph.D. from Northwestern University, as stated in "The Girl in the Fridge" and "The Tutor in the Tussle". She speaks truth to the powerful. 1-64. He went off-grid so he could pay for his younger step-daughter's, (Hayley), medical bills. 16In Winters Bone, Ree embodies this paradoxical logic of freedom in her refusal to submit to the injunctions of the male order based on the exceptional Big Man. When a Jane-Doe body was identified as Russ and Temperance's mother Ruth Keenan, Booth hunted Russ down. 2 Cf. Just before Brennan flees town with Christine, she tells Booth she loves him and not just because of their daughter. She does. 4 Cf. Ed. His hands are winters bones, like the remnants of past seasons uncovered and revealed when the snow melts. Bruce Fink. When they were children, he had a close relationship with his baby sister, Temperance, who idolized him. Brennan's expertise in kinesiology would again prove its worth in "The Truth in the Lye" (she could tell that one of the murder suspects was pregnant just from having observed her gait), in "The Girl with the Curl" (she could tell if one of the young beauty pageant contestants was suffering from scoliosis just by watching them perform on stage), and in "The Woman in the Sand" (while undercover with Booth, she was able to tell Booth exactly how to beat his opponent from just having watched his moves). It should also be noted that, in "The Man in the Morgue," Brennan handled a snake without any trace of fear, even while Booth is in the room. [16] Later, Max allows Booth to arrest him in order to improve his relationship with his daughter. ---. I would go further and argue that his silence and immanent power in the community bespeak not only a respect on his part for Ree, but a very repressed sexual desire for her. Edit, Everyone in that valley knew more than what they were saying. Want to bookmark your favourite articles and stories to read or reference later? This is not a gender-based argument, but rather, one in which one lives out the effects of being subjected to a strong cultural injunction to identify away from the maternal and the feminine (Ragland-Sullivan, The Sexual Masquerade 50) that sets up a certain relation to castration (the lack-in-being All One). Brennan is a self-proclaimed atheist and often points out what she believes to be the irrationality of religious and spiritual beliefs. Regards croiss sur la Nouvelle-Orlans / 2. ---. I shall explain this in terms of Jacques-Alain Millers recent rereading of the role of desire and fantasy in the Fathers Name signifier, based on his interpretation of Seminar VI, Desire and its Interpretation.3. The dream becomes so burdensome that he goes to see Freud about it. Ed. It is only after this that the Big Man decides to listen to her talk. The case properly went to the jury, and the verdict was proper, he said. He is the master signifier in the film, the Ur-father in Freudian terms, the exception to the rule in Lacanian terms. Rather, there must be an exception for one to conceptualize law. However, she declined, telling him that she, unlike him, is not a gambler, and isn't able to take that kind of a chance. Brennan acquired the nickname "Bones" from Booth. Further concerning her pet iguana in "The Truth in the Myth", as a part of his rehab from alcohol abuse, Vincent Nigel-Murry made apologies for, among other things, having borrowed her iguana one night, wearing him as a hat for a party. [42] She also showed concern in Season 10 about Booth's change in demeanor following his release from prison and exoneration, noting that he had not attended mass for some time. But more importantly here, it is also a discourse of truth spoken in the realm of those who lie, who want only to keep up the game of semblance, of appearance, the pretense that there is no real. When/how does Ree figure out what happened to Jessup? the state police) about her fathers betrayal of the clan (he turned informant to the Sheriff to avoid getting into trouble with the Law). Brennan's father Max goes on trial for the alleged murder of FBI Deputy Director Robert Kirby, requiring everyone on the Jeffersonian team but Brennan to testify for the prosecution. 11At this point the mountain women come to Ree and tell her that theywho had not only beaten her up, but also considered she had herself to blamethey put the hurt on her, not the men. It is easy to believe that there is some power of the matriarchy at work here, as some feminists might argue. The power of the film is due, I argue, to the real that is invoked concerning the honor code among people who live outside the norms of societal law, to the mysterious powerful bonds of motherhoodone aspect of what Jacques-Alain Miller calls the feminine at the limit (The Feminine), and to the desire of the mysterious and silent Big Man in the film. His family had reigned over the local justice system for almost a century, with three generations of the family all serving as the solicitor in the 14th Judicial Circuit solicitors office. And this resides in her refusal to stop questioning her fate. Paris: Seuil, 1973. . [25] She is trained in three types of martial arts,[24][26] has hunting licenses in four states,[24] a legally registered gun,[5] and a diving certificate. Bones convinced Russ to tell them that he flew in to visit their father in jail for Christmas and to even wear his usual clothes to convince them. ---. The link between desire and respect is not obvious, but is implicit in the seeing of someone as they truly are in their struggles with the hazards of trying to be a worthy subject. and ones place within the social realm come from the unconscious, caught as it is in the drive of the gaze and the voice how we are seen and heard by others who judge us. That which does not stop not writing itself is the Lacanian impossible, the real in its sheer power and purity (SXX 59). Brennan does admit to her best friend Angela Montenegro that as time has gone on, she is unsure if she wants to keep doing consulting work for the FBI, citing that she is tired of murderers and victims, and is constantly worried that something will happen to Booth and she will be unable to save him. It is through what Lacan calls the pact of speech, the, to tell the truth in speaking to an other, the desire to establish a testimonial bond so powerful that the root of the word itself comes from . The men are not giving in to Ree, but they do not want to hurt her physically. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2006. Bruce Fink, Heloise Fink, and Russell Grigg. Also, Booth talking to her about the case even though he shouldn't is a great moment of proving his love for her, because he wouldn't put his job at risk for anyone else. [10] Her older brother Russ, himself still an adolescent, was unable to care for her and she was put in the foster care system. During these discussions, it's revealed that Brennan's hyper rationalization originates from the very last piece of advice her mother gave to her (before going on the run) which was to use her brain instead of her heart. When it looks like Jessup has gone missing and will skip the trial, Ree is informed by Sheriff Baskin (Garret Dillahunt) that they're going to lose their house and land because her father put it up as bail collateral. New York: Norton & Co., 1998. At the end of the conversation, Dr. Addy says, "Good luck" while Dr. Edison responds with "I don't need luck." Alex Murdaugh found guilty for murder of wife and son, Alex Murdaugh led away in handcuffs after being found guilty of murder of wife and son, Please refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged in, Please refresh your browser to be logged in, Alex Murdaugh trial verdict live: Disgraced attorney found guilty of murders as sentencing expected today, Alex Murdaugh is found guilty of brutal murders of wife and son, Alex Murdaugh: Timeline of murders, financial fraud, unexplained deaths and arrest, Buster Murdaugh stoic as father convicted of killing brother, mother, Buster, 26, looked on in Colleton County Courthouse in Walterboro, South Carolina, on Thursday evening, Extra 20% off selected fashion and sportswear at Very, Up to 20% off & extra perks with Booking.com Genius Membership, $6 off a $50+ order with this AliExpress discount code, 10% off selected orders over 100 - eBay discount code, Compare broadband packages side by side to find the best deal for you, Compare cheap broadband deals from providers with fastest speed in your area, All you need to know about fibre broadband, Best Apple iPhone Deals in the UK March 2023, Compare iPhone contract deals and get the best offer this March, Compare the best mobile phone deals from the top networks and brands. No. Last time your stomach was growling louder than your testimony. TV Couples". Russell Brennan Ree offers the banjo to Teardrop, but he tells her to keep it there for him and admits to her that he knows who killed Jessup but doesn't say who. And she teaches them not to beg for food, saying that one should not ask for what should be offered. Her point is that her father could not have been involved at that moment in time with a burning of the cooking shed. Brennan had a brief relationship with FBI Agent Tim Sullivan (Eddie McClintock), also known as Sully, whom she met while on a case when Booth was in therapy due to his grief-induced rage over his self-perceived role in the death of serial killer Howard Epps. to speak in an attempt to inscribe her words/desire in the community. A stoic Buster Murdaugh kept his emotions close to his chest as he watched the moment his father Alex was convicted of killing his brother Paul and mother Maggie. She has three doctorates, as referred to by Dr. Jack Hodgins in the episode "The Parts of the Sum in the Whole", in anthropology, forensic anthropology, and kinesiology; it is implied that most of her work at the lab is related to either long-dead bodies or victims of genocide.[5][6]. The surprise turn at the end of the film occurs when the forces of the Law come to Rees house and give her a bundle of money. Reconstructing early-modern religious lives: the exemplary and the mundane / 2. It is in this that Antigones power lay. It is the realm of trauma and radical repression, the sphere of fantasies and jouissance. Jacques-Alain Miller. They just want Ree to be quiet. In the climax of Season Five, Brennan and Booth part ways for a year he goes to Afghanistan while she leaves for the Maluku Islands in Indonesia but they promise to meet, one year from that day, at the Lincoln Memorial.[40]. 8 Cf. The logic is that there can be no conception of an Ur-father as an omnipotent Father/Man/God except insofar as this myth is necessary for the structuring of law in the first place. The Depiction of Women Scientists in Contemporary Crime Fiction", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temperance_%22Bones%22_Brennan&oldid=1142074699, Tempe (by Max Keenan, Russ Brennan and Jared Booth), This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 10:48. As well as the boat crash case, the fraud scheme and the botched hitman plot, there are at least two other unexplained deaths with some tie to Murdaugh. I compare Ree to Antigone in the sense that she will not give up on family, even though she will not betray her clan for the murder they have committed either. 14 Only the French edition has this reference in its postface. Edit, Winter's Bone is a 2006 novel by American crime writer Daniel Woodrell. Le sminaire, livre IV (1956-1957): la relation dobjet. Transference closes the unconscious, Lacan says. Yet repetition does not open up the unconscious in some final revelation of truth. Booth, who is particularly taciturn in revealing emotions or speaking about his past, begins to open up to and confide in her. He admitted for the first time that he was there at the kennels with the two victims that night and that he had lied for 20 months to law enforcement officials investigating the case, his family members and close friends and colleagues.
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